10 research outputs found
Simplified Environment Control System For Prototype Vertical Farm
- Author
- Publication venue
- Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS
- Publication date
- 01/05/2014
- Field of study
Farming is one of the fundamental inventions that promoted the flourishing or human species on planet earth. Since many centuries have past, this fundamental invention namely the conventional way of it has become reverse which is promoting extinction. Conventional farming has led to many unsustainable acts such as deforestation, heavy use of pesticides and insecticides, feces as fertilizers, open burning and creation of cities. These acts in turn backfired resulting in global warming, extreme climate change (drought, flood, hurricanes etc), exponential rise in human population resulting in consumption of resources over the replenishing rate, pollution of water sources, diseases spreading such as typhoid and cholera. The very main reason such occurrence is because of direct interaction of farming with nature. Farming is not a natural behavior of an ecosystem (Despommier, 2009). It is a creation of human beings to increase its survival rate. Hence in a simple mathematical equation, if we remove farming from nature and put it in a closed system which resembles the nature ecosystem, we can remove the potential unsustainable acts of farming. The concept of vertical farming is to remove the factor of farming from nature to undo the bad deeds before it is too late. This simplistic solution might seem like a dreamer’s solution and appear to be impractical due to its high costs. To prove that argument wrong, this research will show the latest breakthrough in the agriculture industry in growing plants in a building and too how far is a vertical farm concept farfetched? Thus, this research will be proposing to construct simplified miniature 3 storeys vertical farm system that uses hydroponic system and govern by an expert system using the methodology proposed by CLAE
Simplified Environment Control System For Prototype Vertical Farm
- Author
- Publication venue
- Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS
- Publication date
- 01/05/2014
- Field of study
Farming is one of the fundamental inventions that promoted the flourishing or human species on planet earth. Since many centuries have past, this fundamental invention namely the conventional way of it has become reverse which is promoting extinction. Conventional farming has led to many unsustainable acts such as deforestation, heavy use of pesticides and insecticides, feces as fertilizers, open burning and creation of cities. These acts in turn backfired resulting in global warming, extreme climate change (drought, flood, hurricanes etc), exponential rise in human population resulting in consumption of resources over the replenishing rate, pollution of water sources, diseases spreading such as typhoid and cholera. The very main reason such occurrence is because of direct interaction of farming with nature. Farming is not a natural behavior of an ecosystem (Despommier, 2009). It is a creation of human beings to increase its survival rate. Hence in a simple mathematical equation, if we remove farming from nature and put it in a closed system which resembles the nature ecosystem, we can remove the potential unsustainable acts of farming. The concept of vertical farming is to remove the factor of farming from nature to undo the bad deeds before it is too late. This simplistic solution might seem like a dreamer’s solution and appear to be impractical due to its high costs. To prove that argument wrong, this research will show the latest breakthrough in the agriculture industry in growing plants in a building and too how far is a vertical farm concept farfetched? Thus, this research will be proposing to construct simplified miniature 3 storeys vertical farm system that uses hydroponic system and govern by an expert system using the methodology proposed by CLAE
New genetic loci link adipose and insulin biology to body fat distribution.
- Author
- Aalto Ville
- Aasarød Knut
- Abecasis Goncalo R
- Abecasis Gonçalo
- Absher Devin
- Adair Linda S
- Adam Martin
- Adeyemo Adebowale
- Ahlqvist Emma
- Ahmadi Kourosh R
- Ahola Aila
- Ainali Chrysanthi
- Akylbekova Ermeg
- Ala-Korpela Mika
- Alavere Helen
- Albagha Omar M E
- Albrecht Eva
- Alen Markku
- Alexander Myriam
- Alhenc-Gelas François
- Alizadeh Behrooz Z
- Allison Matthew A
- Alonso Nerea
- Altshuler David
- Ambite Jose Luis
- Amin Najaf
- Amouyel Philippe
- An Ping
- Anderson Carl A
- Anderson Denise
- Anderson Garnet
- Andrews Jeanette S
- Antonella Mulas
- Antti Jula
- Aragaki Aaron K
- Arking Dan E
- Arnold Alice
- Arnold Alice M
- Arora Pankaj
- Arscott Gillian M
- Artigas Maria Soler
- Arveiler Dominique
- Asiki Gershim
- Aspelund Thor
- Assimes Themistocles L
- Atalay Mustafa
- Atkinson Elizabeth J
- Aulchenko Yurii
- Avery Christy
- Bain Stephen C
- Bakker Stephan J L
- Balcells Susana
- Balkau Beverley
- Ballantyne Christie M
- Balmforth Anthony J
- Bandinelli Stefania
- Barbalic Maja
- Barrett Amy
- Barroso Ines
- Barroso Inês
- Basart Hanneke
- Basart Hanneke V
- Bataille Veronique
- Baumert Jens
- Beckmann Jacques S
- Beekman Marian
- Been Latonya F
- Beilby John
- Beilby John P
- Bell Jordana T
- Bellis Claire
- Bennett Amanda J
- Bennett Franklyn
- Berenson Gerald S
- Bergman Richard N
- Bergmann Sven
- Berndt Sonja I
- Berne Christian
- Bidulescu Aurelian
- Bielak Lawrence F
- Bierut Laura J
- Biffar Reiner
- Bis Joshua C
- Blackburn Hannah
- Blangero John
- Blankenberg Stefan S
- Blüher Matthias
- Boban Mladen
- Bochud Murielle
- Boehm Bernhard O
- Boehnke Michael
- Boerwinkle Eric
- Boezen H Marike
- Bolton Jennifer L
- Bolton Judith A Hoffman
- Bonnet Fabrice
- Bonnycastle Lori L
- Boomsma Dorret I
- Borecki Ingrid
- Boright Andrew P
- Borja Judith B
- Bornstein Stefan R
- Boston Jonathan
- Bots Michiel L
- Bouatia-Naji Nabila
- Bouchard Claude
- Bovet Pascal
- Boyd Heather A
- Bragg-Gresham Jennifer L
- Brambilla Paolo
- Brand Eva
- Brand Stefan-Martin
- Brandi Maria Luisa
- Braund Peter S
- Brennan Eoin P
- Brismar Kerstin
- Brody Jennifer
- Broekmans Frank J
- Broer Linda
- Brown Matthew A
- Brown Morris J
- Brown-Gentry Kristin
- Bruinenberg Marcel
- Buchkovich Martin L
- Buckley Brendan M
- Buil Alfonso
- Bull Shelley B
- Burgdorf Christof
- Buring Julie E
- Burnett Mary S
- Burnier Michel
- Burri Andrea
- Burton Paul R
- Bush William S
- Busonero Fabio
- Buxbaum Sarah G
- Buyske Steve
- Buzkova Petra
- Byrne Enda M
- Böger Carsten A
- Böhringer Stefan
- Böttcher Yvonne
- Cambien Francois
- Campbell Harry
- Campbell Susan
- Carba Delia B
- Carlson Chris
- Carlson Olga D
- Carty Cara
- Casas Juan P
- Caspersen Ida H
- Castano-Betancourt Martha
- Cauchi Stéphane
- Cauley Jane A
- Caulfield Mark
- Cavalieri Margherita
- Cazier Jean-Baptiste
- Center Jacqueline R
- Cesana Giancarlo
- Chakravarti Aravinda
- Chambers John
- Chandak Giriraj R
- Chang Hsing-Yi
- Chang Yen-Pei C
- Chanock Stephen J
- Charchar Fadi J
- Chasman Dan
- Chaturvedi Nish
- Chen Constance
- Chen Han
- Chen Ida
- Chen Jin
- Chen Ming-Huei
- Chen Wei
- Chen Yii-Der Ida
- Cheng Iona
- Cheng Sulin
- Chines Peter S
- Cho Yoon Shin
- Choi Murim
- Chouraki Vincent
- Christiansen Claus
- Chu Audrey Y
- Cimponeriu Dan
- Ciullo Marina
- Clark Graeme R
- Clarke Robert
- Claudi-Boehm Simone
- Coassin Stefan
- Cochran Barbara
- Cole Shelley
- Colhoun Helen
- Colhoun Helen M
- Collins Francis S
- Collins Rory
- Connell John M
- Cooper Cyrus
- Cooper Jackie A
- Cooper Matthew N
- Cooper Richard S
- Coresh Josef
- Cornelis Marilyn C
- Corre Tanguy
- Corsi Anna Maria
- Couper David
- Cousminer Diana L
- Coviello Andrea D
- Cox David
- Crawford Dana
- Crisponi Laura
- Croteau-Chonka Damien C
- Cucca Francesco
- Cummings Steven R
- Cupples Adrienne L
- Cupples L Adrienne
- Curhan Gary
- d'Adamo Pio
- Dahgam Santosh
- Dailiana Zoe
- Danesh John
- Danoy Patrick
- Dastani Zari
- Davies Gail
- Daw E Warwick
- Day Felix R
- Day Ian N M
- de Andrade Mariza
- de Boer Ian H
- de Boer Rudolf A
- de Faire Ulf
- de Geus Eco J C
- Deary Ian J
- Dedoussis George
- Dedoussis George V
- Dedoussis George V Z
- Deelen Joris
- Deelman Ewa
- Dehghan Abbas
- Delgado Graciela
- Deloukas Panagiotis
- Deloukas Panos
- Demerath Ellen W
- Demirkan Ayse
- Demirkan Ayşe
- Den Hertog Heleen M
- Denniff Matthew
- Dennison Elaine M
- Dermitzakis Emmanouil T
- Deshmukh Harshal
- Deshmukh Harshal A
- Devuyst Olivier
- di Meglio Paola
- Diemert Patrick
- Dimas Antigone S
- Dimitriou Maria
- Ding Jingzhong
- Do Ron
- Dominiczak Anna F
- Doney Alex
- Dong Yanbin
- Donnelly Louise A
- Doumatey Ayo
- Dreisbach Albert W
- Drong Alexander W
- Duggan David
- Dumitrescu Logan
- Duncan Bruce B
- Duncan Emma L
- Dupuis Josee
- Dupuis Josée
- Durbin Richard
- Durda Peter
- Döring Angela
- Dörr Marcus
- Eastell Richard
- Easton Douglas F
- Ebrahim Shah
- Econs Michael J
- Edkins Sarah
- Egan Josephine
- Ehret Georg
- Eiriksdottir Gudny
- Eisman John A
- Eklund Niina
- El Mokhtari NourEddine
- Elks Cathy E
- Ellinghaus David
- Elliott Paul
- Elosua Roberto
- Emilsson Valur
- Endlich Karlhans
- Epstein Stephen E
- Erbel Raimund
- Erdmann Jeanette
- Erdos Michael R
- Eriksson Joel
- Eriksson Johan
- Eriksson Niclas
- Eriksson Per
- Ernst Florian
- Esko Tonu
- Esko Tõnu
- Esko Tönu
- Estrada Karol
- Eury Elodie
- Evangelou Evangelos
- Evans Alun
- Evans David M
- Eyheramendy Susana
- Eyjolfsson Gudmundur Ingi
- Fagerholm Emma
- Falhammar Henrik
- Fall Tove
- Farrall Martin
- Fauser Bart C J M
- Fava Cristiano
- Feenstra Bjarke
- Fehrmann Rudolf
- Feitosa Mary
- Feranil Alan B
- Ferrannini Ele
- Ferrario Marco M
- Ferreira Teresa
- Ferreli Liana
- Ferrières Jean
- Ferrucci Luigi
- Fischer Krista
- Florez Jose C
- Folkersen Lasse
- Folsom Aaron R
- Fontanillas Pierre
- Ford Ian
- Fornage Myriam
- Foroud Tatiana
- Forouhi Nita G
- Forrester Terrence
- Forsblom Carol
- Foster Meredith C
- Fowke Jay
- Fowkes F Gerald R
- Fowkes Gerard R
- Fox Caroline S
- Fox Ervin R
- Franceschini Nora
- Franco Oscar H
- Franco-Cereceda Anders
- Franke Andre
- Franke Lude
- Franks Paul W
- Frants Rune
- Fraser Ross M
- Frayling Timothy M
- Freedman Barry I
- Freimer Nelson B
- Freitag Daniel F
- Friedrich Nele
- Froguel Philippe
- Frost Morten
- Fuchsberger Christian
- Galan Pilar
- Ganesh Santhi K
- Ganna Andrea
- Gansevoort Ron T
- Gao Xiaoyi
- Garcia Melissa
- Garcia-Giralt Natàlia
- Garnaas Maija
- Gasparini Paolo
- Gauguier Dominique
- Gaunt Tom R
- Gautvik Kaare M
- Geller Frank
- Gharavi Ali G
- Giedraitis Vilmantas
- Gieger Christian
- Gierman Hinco J
- Gigante Bruna
- Gill Geoffrey V
- Giroux Sylvie
- Giulianini Franco
- Glass Daniel
- Glazer Nicole
- Glazer Nicole L
- Glenn Kim
- Glorioso Nicola
- Go Alan S
- Go Min Jin
- Godson Catherine
- Goel Anuj
- Goessling Wolfram
- Golay Alain
- Goldstein Benjamin A
- Goltzman David
- Gong Jian
- González-Macías Jesús
- Goodall Alison H
- Goodarzi Mark O
- Goodloe Robert
- Gordin Daniel
- Gordon Scott D
- Gorski Mathias
- Grabe Hans-Jörgen
- Graff Misa
- Grallert Harald
- Grammer Tanja B
- Gravito Martha L
- Greenwood Celia M T
- Grewal Jagvir
- Grimsby Jonna
- Grobbee Diederick E
- Groop Leif
- Groop Per-Henrik
- Gross Myron
- Groves Christopher J
- Grundberg Elin
- Grässler Jürgen
- Gräßler Jürgen
- Gu Harvest F
- Gu Tianwei
- Guarrera Simonetta
- Gudbjartsson Daniel F
- Gudnason Villi
- Gudnason Vilmundur
- Guiducci Candace
- Guo Qun
- Guo Xiuqing
- Gurdasani Deepti
- Gustafsson Stefan
- Gyllensten Ulf
- Gyllensten Ulf B
- Hadjadj Samy
- Hadley David
- Haessler Jeff
- Hager Jörg
- Haiman Christopher
- Haines Jonathan
- Hall Alistair S
- Hall Per
- Hallan Stein
- Haller Toomas
- Hallmans Goran
- Hallmans Göran
- Hamsten Anders
- Han Bok-Ghee
- Hankinson Susan E
- Hanson Robert L
- Hardy Rebecca
- Haritunians Talin
- Harjutsalo Valma
- Harris Tamara
- Hartikainen Anna-Liisa
- Hartman Catharina A
- Hass Merli
- Hassanali Neelam
- Hassinen Maija
- Hastie Nicholas D
- Hastie Nick
- Hattersley Andrew T
- Haun Margot
- Havulinna Aki S
- Hayward Caroline
- Hazen Stanley L
- He Bing
- He Chunyan
- Heard-Costa Nancy L
- Heath Andrew C
- Heath Simon
- Heckbert Susan R
- Hedblad Bo
- Hedman Åsa K
- Heid Iris M
- Heikkilä Kauko
- Heikkilä Outi
- Heiss Gerardo
- Heliövaara Markku
- Helmer Catherine
- Helmer Quinta
- Henders Anjali K
- Henderson Brian
- Hengstenberg Christian
- Henneman Peter
- Hercberg Serge
- Herder Christian
- Hernandez Dena
- Hernandez Dena G
- Herrera Lizbeth
- Herzig Karl-Heinz
- Hicks Andrew A
- Hietala Kustaa
- Higashio Julia
- Hillege Hans L
- Hilton Gina
- Hindorff Lucia
- Hingorani Aroon
- Hirschhorn Joel N
- Hivert Marie-France
- Ho Weang K
- Hocking Lynne J
- Hoffmann Wolfgang
- Hofman Albert
- Holliday Elizabeth G
- Holm Hilma
- Holmen Oddgeir
- Homuth Georg
- Hopewell Jemma C
- Horikoshi Momoko
- Hosseini Mohsen
- Hottenga Jouke-Jan
- Hovingh G Kees
- Howard Philip
- Hsiung Chao Agnes
- Hsu Yi-Hsiang
- Hu Frank B
- Huang Huateng
- Huang Jinyan
- Hui Jennie
- Humphries Steve E
- Hundertmark Claudia
- Hung Yi-Jen
- Hunt Sarah E
- Hunt Steven C
- Hunter David J
- Husted Lise Bjerre
- Hveem Kristian
- Hwang Shih-Jen
- Hyppönen Elina
- Igl Wilmar
- Ikram M Arfan
- Illig Thomas
- Imboden Medea
- Ingelsson Erik
- Ingle Catherine
- Ingvarsson Thorvaldur
- Ioannidis John P A
- Iribarren Carlos
- Isaacs Aaron
- Isakova Tamara
- Islam Muhammad
- Ittermann Till
- Iwai Naoharu
- Jackson Anne U
- Jackson Rebecca
- Jacobs Gunnar
- Jafar Tazeen H
- James Alan L
- Jameson Karen A
- Jang Yangsoo
- Janipalli Charles S
- Jansen Hanneke
- Janssens A Cecile J W
- Jarvelin Marjo-Riitta
- Jeff Janina
- Jenny Nancy
- Johannsdottir Hrefna
- Johansen Berit
- Johansson Ingegerd
- Johansson Åsa
- Johnson Andrew
- Johnson Louise
- Johnson Paul C D
- Johnson Toby
- Jones Graeme
- Jones Michelle R
- Jousilahti Pekka
- Ju Sung Yun
- Jukema J Wouter
- Jula Antti
- Juliusdottir Thorhildur
- Justice Anne E
- Järvelin Marjo-Riitta
- Jöckel Karl-Heinz
- Kaakinen Marika
- Kahali Bratati
- Kalafati Ioanna-Panagiota
- Kaleebu Pontiano
- Kammerer Candace M
- Kanaya Alka
- Kang Hyun M
- Kang Hyun Min
- Kangas Antti J
- Kanoni Stavroula
- Kao Linda
- Kao W H L
- Kao Wen Hong Linda
- Kaplan Robert C
- Kaprio Jaakko
- Kaptoge Stephen K
- Kapur Karen A
- Karasik David
- Kardia Sharon L
- Karjalainen Juha
- Karlsson Magnus
- Karpe Fredrik
- Kastelein John J P
- Kathiresan Sekar
- Katsareli Efi
- Kedenko Lyudmyla
- Kee Frank
- Keildson Sarah
- Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi Sirkka M
- Keller Benjamin J
- Kemp John P
- Kennedy Stephen H
- Kessler Thorsten
- Kestenbaum Bryan
- Kesäniemi Antero
- Ketkar Shamika
- Kettunen Johannes
- Keyzer Jules
- Khaw Kay-Tee
- Khusainova Rita
- Khusnutdinova Elza
- Kiel Douglas P
- Kiess Wieland
- Kilpeläinen Tuomas O
- Kim Eric
- Kim Ghi Su
- Kim Hyo-Soo
- Kim Hyung-Lae
- Kim Stuart K
- Kinnunen Leena
- Kinra Sanjay
- Kiryluk Krzysztof
- Kita Yoshikuni
- Kivimaki Mika
- Kizer Jorge R
- Klaric Irena Martinovic
- Kleber Marcus E
- Klopp Norman
- Kloppenburg Margreet
- Knowles David
- Knowles Joshua W
- Kocarnik Jonathan
- Koenig Wolfgang
- Koh Jung-Min
- Kolcic Ivana
- Koller Daniel L
- Kollerits Barbara
- Kollia Panagoula
- Kolonel Laurence
- Kolovou Genovefa
- Komulainen Pirjo
- Kong Augustine
- Kooner Ishminder K
- Kooner Jaspal
- Kooperberg Charles
- Koromila Theodora
- Koudstaal Peter J
- Kovacs Peter
- Kraft Peter
- Kraja Aldi T
- Kramer Holly
- Kratzer Wolfgang
- Krauss Ronald M
- Krestyaninova Maria
- Kretzler Matthias
- Kristiansson Kati
- Kroemer Heyo K
- Kronenberg Florian
- Kruk Marcin
- Krämer Bernhard K
- Kuh Diana
- Kulkarni Smita R
- Kuller Lew
- Kumar M J Kranthi
- Kumari Meena
- Kung Annie Wai Chee
- Kutalik Zoltan
- Kutalik Zoltán
- Kuulasmaa Kari
- Kuusisto Johanna
- Kuznetsova Tatiana
- Kwan Tony
- Kytö Janne
- Kyvik Kirsten O
- Kähönen Mika
- König Inke R
- Körner Antje
- Köttgen Anna
- Laakso Markku
- Laaksonen Marika
- Laaksonen Reijo
- Laan Maris
- LaCroix Andrea
- Lacroix Andrea Z
- Ladenvall Claes
- Ladouceur Martin
- Lagou Vasiliki
- Lahermo Päivi
- Lahti Jari
- Lai Sandra
- Laisk Triin
- Laitinen Jaana
- Lajer Maria
- Lakatta Edward G
- Lakka Timo A
- Lambert Ann
- Lamina Claudia
- Langdahl Bente Lomholt
- Langefeld Carl D
- Langenberg Claudia
- Langford Cordelia
- Larson Martin
- Larson Martin G
- Lathrop Mark
- Lauc Lovorka Barac
- Launer Lenore
- Laven Joop S E
- Lawlor Debbie A
- Lawrence Robert W
- Le Marchand Loic
- Le Marchand Loïc
- Leak Tennille S
- Leander Karin
- Lecoeur Cecile
- Lee Ji-Young
- Lee Jong-Young
- Lee Nanette R
- Lee Sang Hong
- Lee Seung Hun
- Lefebvre Pierre
- Lehtimäki Terho
- Lehto Markku
- Leo Paul J
- Leslie William D
- Leung Ping C
- Levy Daniel
- Lewis Joshua R
- Li Guo
- Li Man
- Li Rui
- Li Shengxu
- Li Xiaohui
- Li Yali
- Liang Liming
- Lichtner Peter
- Lifton Richard P
- Lim Unhee
- Lin Danyu
- Lin Peng
- Lin Shih-Yi
- Lin Yi
- Lind Lars
- Lindgren Cecilia M
- Lindström Jaana
- Lips Paul
- Liu Ching-Ti
- Liu Jianjun
- Liu Yongmei
- Ljunggren Östen
- Lobbens Stéphane
- Locke Adam E
- Lohman Kurt
- Lohman Kurt K
- Lokki Marja-Liisa
- Longstreth W T
- Loo Britt-Marie
- Loos Ruth J F
- Lopez Lorna M
- Lorenc Roman S
- Lorentzon Mattias
- Louwers Yvonne V
- Lowe Christopher E
- Lu Xiaoning
- Luan Jian'an
- Luben Robert
- Lucas Gavin
- Ludwig Barbara
- Lumley Thomas
- Lundmark Anders
- Lundmark Per
- Lunetta Kathryn L
- Lyssenko Valeriya
- Lyytikainen Leo-Pekka
- Lyytikäinen Leo-Pekka
- Ma Baoshan
- MacCluer Jean
- Macgregor Stuart
- Mach François
- Maerz Winfried
- Maestroni Anna
- Maestroni Silvia
- Magnusson Patrik K E
- Mahajan Anubha
- Malinowski Jennifer
- Mangino Massimo
- Mani K Radha
- Manning Alisa K
- Manolio Teri
- Maouche Seraya
- Marc Janja
- Marette André
- Marmot Michael G
- Marongiu Mara
- Marre Michel
- Martin Finian
- Martin Nicholas G
- Marullo Letizia
- Masciullo Corrado
- Masi Laura
- Mateo Leach Irene
- Matise Tara
- Mattace-Raso Francesco U S
- Matullo Giuseppe
- Maxwell Alexander P
- McArdle Patick F
- McArdle Patrick F
- McArdle Wendy L
- McCarthy Mark I
- McCloskey Eugene
- McKay Gareth J
- McKenzie Colin A
- McKnight Amy J
- McKnight Amy Jayne
- McKnight Barbara
- McPherson Ruth
- Medina-Gomez Carolina
- Medina-Gómez Carolina
- Medland Sarah E
- Meduri Eshwar
- Meigs James B
- Meisinger Christa
- Meitinger Thomas
- Melander Olle
- Melbye Mads
- Mellström Dan
- Melzer David
- Mencej-Bedrac Simona
- Meneton Pierre
- Menni Cristina
- Merger Sigrun
- Meschia James F
- Metspalu Andres
- Metzger Marie
- Meulenbelt Ingrid
- Mihai Ioana
- Mihailov Evelin
- Miki Tetsuro
- Milaneschi Yuri
- Milani Lili
- Miljkovic Iva
- Mills Rebecca
- Min Josine L
- Minelli Cosetta
- Minster Ryan L
- Mirel Daniel B
- Missmer Stacey A
- Mitchell Braxton D
- Mitchell Paul
- Mitchell Sabrina L
- Moayyeri Alireza
- Moffatt Miriam F
- Mohlke Karen L
- Moilanen Leena
- Monda Keri L
- Monroe Kristine
- Montasser May E
- Montgomery Grant W
- Montgomery Stephen B
- Mooijaart Simon P
- Mooser Vincent
- Mora Samia
- Morken Mario A
- Morris Andrew D
- Morris Andrew P
- Morris Richard W
- Morrison Alanna C
- Mosley Thomas H
- Mota Eugen
- Mota Maria
- Mulas Antonella
- Munroe Patricia
- Murabito Joanne M
- Murdock Deborah
- Murgia Federico
- Murray Anna
- Murray Jeffrey C
- Murray Sarah S
- Musani Solomon
- Musk Arthur W
- Mychaleckyj Josyf C
- Mägi Reedik
- Mäkinen Ville-Petteri
- Männistö Satu
- März Winfried
- Möhlenkamp Stefan
- Möllsten Anna
- Mühleisen Thomas W
- Müller Gabriele
- Müller Gabrielle
- Müller-Nurasyid Martina
- Nagaraja Ramaiah
- Najjar Samer
- Nalls Michael A
- Nandakumar Kannabiran
- Narisu Narisu
- Nato Andrew
- Nauck Matthias
- Navarro Pau
- Navis Gerjan
- Nelis Mari
- Nelson Robert G
- Ness Andrew R
- Nestle Frank O
- Newman Anne B
- Newton-Cheh Christopher
- Nguyen Khanh-Dung Hoang
- Nguyen Tuan V
- Nica Alexandra C
- Nicholson Geoffrey C
- Nicholson George
- Nieminen Markku S
- Nieminen Tuomo V M
- Nikopensius Tiit
- Nikus Kjell
- Nilsson Peter
- Nisbet James
- Njølstad Inger
- Nogues Xavier
- Nolte Ilja M
- North Kari E
- Northstone Kate
- Nsubuga Rebecca N
- Ntzani Evangelia E
- Nuotio Marja-Liisa
- Nyberg Fredrik
- Nyholt Dale R
- Nöthlings Ute
- O'Connell Jeffrey R
- O'Donnell Chris
- O'Rahilly Stephen
- O'Reilly Paul
- O'Reilly Paul F
- O'Seaghdha Conall M
- Obermayer-Pietsch Barbara
- Oei Ling
- Oetjens Matthew
- Ogihara Toshio
- Ohkubo Takayoshi
- Ohlsson Claes
- Okamura Tomonori
- Oksa Heikki
- Olafsson Isleifur
- Oldehinkel Albertine J
- Olden Matthias
- Olmos José M
- Olsson Christian
- Ong Ken K
- Ong Rick Twee-Hee
- Ongen Halit
- Onland-Moret N Charlotte
- Oostra Ben A
- Ordovas Jose M
- Org Elin
- Ormel Johan
- Orru Marco
- Ouwehand Willem H
- Painter Jodie N
- Palmas Walter
- Palmen Jutta
- Palmer Cameron
- Palmer Colin
- Palmer Lyle J
- Palmer Nicholette D
- Palotie Aarno
- Palsson Stefan Th
- Panduru Nicolae Mircea
- Pankow James
- Papamarkou Theodore
- Parish Sarah
- Park Jeong E
- Park Lani
- Parker Alex N
- Parkkonen Maija
- Parsa Afshin
- Parts Leopold
- Parving Hans-Henrik
- Paré Guillaume
- Pasko Dorota
- Pastinen Tomi
- Patel Millan S
- Paterson Andrew D
- Patsy Bruce
- Pattaro Cristian
- Paulweber Bernhard
- Peacock Munro
- Pechlivanis Sonali
- Peden John F
- Pedersen Nancy L
- Peeters Petra H M
- Peloso Gina M
- Peltonen Leena
- Pendergrass Sarah
- Pennell Craig E
- Penninx Brenda W
- Peralta Carmen A
- Perola Markus
- Perry John R B
- Pers Tune H
- Person Sharina
- Peters Annette
- Peters Marjolein J
- Peters Ulrike
- Petersen Ann-Kristin
- Pettersson-Kymmer Ulrika
- Peyser Patricia A
- Pharoah Paul
- Pihur Vasyl
- Pirastu Mario
- Pistis Giorgio
- Pitkäniemi Janne
- Platou Carl G P
- Plump Andrew
- Plump Andrew S
- Polasek Ozren
- Pols Huibert A P
- Pomilla Cristina
- Pop Victor J M
- Porcu Eleonora
- Portas Laura
- Postma Dirkje S
- Potter Simon
- Pouta Anneli
- Power Chris
- Prabhakaran Dorairajan
- Pramstaller Peter P
- Prentice Ross
- Prezelj Janez
- Price Jackie F
- Prince Richard L
- Prior Sarah
- Probst-Hensch Nicole M
- Prokopenko Inga
- Province Michael
- Province Michael A
- Psaty Bruce
- Pérusse Louis
- Qi Lu
- Quertermous Thomas
- Quibrera Miguel
- Rader Daniel J
- Rafelt Suzanne
- Raffel Leslie J
- Rafnar Thorunn
- Raitakari Olli
- Ralston Stuart H
- Randall Joshua C
- Rankinen Tuomo
- Rao D C
- Rao Dabeeru C
- Rao Madhumathi
- Rasheed Asif
- Rasmussen-Torvik Laura J
- Rathmann Wolfgang
- Rauramaa Rainer
- Raychaudhuri Soumya
- Rayner N William
- Rayner Nigel W
- Redline Susan
- Reeve Jonathan
- Rehnberg Emil
- Reid David M
- Reid Ian R
- Reilly Muredach
- Reinmaa Eva
- Renstrom Frida
- Reppe Sjur
- Restrepo Nicole
- Rettig Rainer
- Riancho José A
- Ricceri Fulvio
- Rice John P
- Rice Kenneth
- Rice Kenneth M
- Rice Treva K
- Rich Stephen S
- Richards J Brent
- Richards John Brent
- Ridker Paul
- Ried Janina S
- Rigalleau Vincent
- Ring Susan M
- Ripatti Samuli
- Ritchie Marylyn
- Rivadeneira Fernando
- Robbins John
- Roberts Robert
- Robertson Neil
- Robino Antonietta
- Roman Tamara S
- Rose Lynda M
- Roseman Fenella
- Rosengren Annika
- Rosengård-Bärlund Milla
- Rosinger Silke
- Rosmalen Judith G M
- Rosse Stephanie
- Rossing Peter
- Rotimi Charles
- Rotter Jerome I
- Rousseau François
- Roussel Ronan
- Rubin Diana
- Rudan Igor
- Rudock Megan E
- Ruggiero Daniela
- Rumpf Moritz P
- Ruokonen Aimo
- Rybin Denis
- Räikkönen Katri
- Saaristo Timo E
- Sadlier Denise M
- Sala Cinzia
- Salako Tunde
- Saleheen Danish
- Salem Rany M
- Salo Perttu
- Salomaa Veikko
- Salumets Andres
- Samani Nilesh
- Sambrook Philip N
- Sandholm Niina
- Sandhu Manjinder S
- Sanghera Dharambir K
- Sanna Serena
- Saraheimo Markku
- Saramies Jouko
- Sarti Cinzia
- Sarzynski Mark A
- Sattar Naveed
- Savage David A
- Saxena Richa
- Schadt Eric
- Scharnagl Hubert
- Scherag André
- Schlessinger David
- Schmidt Ellen M
- Schmidt Helena
- Schmidt Reinhold
- Scholtens Salome
- Schork Nicholas J
- Schreiber Stefan
- Schumacher Fredrick
- Schunkert Heribert
- Schwartz Stephen M
- Schwarz Peter E H
- Schäfer Arne
- Scollen Serena
- Scott James
- Scott Laura J
- Scott Robert A
- Scuteri Angelo
- Seeley Janet
- Segrè Ayellet V
- Sehmi Joban S
- Seielstad Mark
- Sekowska Magdalena
- Semple Robert
- Sengupta Sebanti
- Sennblad Bengt
- Serafinceanu Cristian
- Service Susan K
- Seshadri Sudha
- Seufferlein Thomas
- Shah Sonia
- Shah Svati H
- Sham Pak Chung
- Sharma Pankaj
- Shaw-Hawkins Sue
- Sheu Wayne H-H
- Shi Gang
- Shin So-Youn
- Shlipak Michael G
- Shohet Ralph
- Shrine Nick R G
- Shriner Daniel
- Shuldiner Alan R
- Shungin Dmitry
- Sidore Carlo
- Siegbahn Agneta
- Siggeirsdottir Kristin
- Sigurdsson Gunnar
- Sijbrands Eric J G
- Silander Kaisa
- Sim Xueling
- Singleton Andrew
- Sinisalo Juha
- Siscovick David S
- Sitlani Colleen M
- Sivananthan Mohan
- Sjögren Marketa
- Skorpen Frank
- Slaets Joris P
- Slagboom P Eline
- Small Kerrin
- Small Kerrin S
- Smit Johannes H
- Smith Albert
- Smith Erin N
- Smith George Davey
- Smith Jennifer A
- Smith Nicholas L
- Snider Harold
- Snieder Harold
- Soininen Pasi
- Song Ci
- Song Kijoung
- Soranzo Nicole
- Sorice Rossella
- Soro-Paavonen Aino
- Sovio Ulla
- Spector Tim D
- Spector Timothy D
- Speliotes Elizabeth K
- Spencer Kylee
- Srinivasan Sathanur R
- St Pourcain Beate
- Stacey Simon N
- Staessen Jan A
- Stanèáková Alena
- Stančáková Alena
- Stark Klaus
- Starr John M
- Stathopoulou Maria G
- Stavarachi Monica
- Stefansson Kari
- Steinle Nanette I
- Steinthorsdottir Valgerdur
- Stewart Alexandre F R
- Stirrups Kathleen
- Stolk Lisette
- Stolk Ronald P
- Strachan David P
- Stracke Sylvia
- Stram Daniel
- Strauch Konstantin
- Strawbridge Rona J
- Streeten Elizabeth A
- Stringham Heather M
- Struchalin Maksim
- Stumvoll Michael
- Styrkarsdottir Unnur
- Sulem Patrick
- Sun Yan V
- Sundström Johan
- Surakka Ida
- Surdulescu Gabriela
- Svensson Olle
- Swan Elizabeth J
- Swertz Morris A
- Swift Amy J
- Syreeni Anna
- Syvänen Ann-Christine
- Sõber Siim
- Söderlund Jenny
- Tabara Yasuharu
- Tai E Shyong
- Taliun Daniel
- Talmud Philippa J
- Tammesoo Mar-Liis
- Tan Sian-Tsung
- Tanaka Toshiko
- Tang Nelson L S
- Tarnow Lise
- Taylor Andrew
- Taylor Kira
- Tayo Bamidele
- Tenesa Albert
- Terzic Janos
- Teslovich Tanya M
- Teumer Alexander
- Thelle Dag S
- Thompson John R
- Thorand Barbara
- Thorgeirsson Gudmundur
- Thorleifsson Gudmar
- Thorn Lena M
- Thornton-Wells Tricia
- Thorsteinsdottir Unnur
- Thun Gian-Andri
- Tiirikainen Maarit
- Tikkanen Emmi
- Tikkanen Heikki
- Timpson Nicholas
- Timpson Nicholas J
- Tin Adrienne
- Tiret Laurence
- Tobin Martin
- Tobin Martin D
- Toenjes Anke
- Tolonen Nina
- Tomaschitz Andreas
- Tomaszewski Maciej
- Toniolo Daniela
- Townsend Raymond R
- Tracy Russell P
- Travers Mary E
- Tregouet David-Alexandre
- Treloar Susan A
- Tremblay Angelo
- Tremoli Elena
- Tripathy Vikal
- Troffa Chiara
- Trompet Stella
- Trummer Olivia
- Tryggvadottir Laufey
- Tryggvason Karl
- Trégouët David-Alexandre
- Tsaprouni Loukia
- Tsoka Sophia
- Tsui Kim
- Tukiainen Taru
- Tuomilehto Jaakko
- Turner Stephen T
- Tylavsky Frances A
- Tyrer Jonathon
- Tzoulaki Ioanna
- Tönjes Anke
- Uda Manuela
- Ueshima Hirotsugu
- Uh Hae-Won
- Uiterwaal Cuno S P M
- Uitterlinden Andre G
- Uitterlinden André G
- Ulivi Sheila
- Ulivi Shelia
- Umans Jason
- Umemura Satoshi
- Urreizti Roser
- Uusitupa Matti
- Vallejo Edgar E
- van Dam Rob M
- Van den Herik Evita G
- van der Harst Pim
- van der Klauw Melanie M
- van der Schoot C Ellen
- van der Schouw Yvonne T
- van Duijn Cornelia
- Van Duijn Cornelia
- van Gils Carla H
- van Gilst Wiek H
- van Heemst Diana
- Van Hul Wim
- van Meurs Joyce B J
- van Meurs Joyve B J
- van Nierop Peter
- van Oort Floor V A
- van Pelt L Joost
- van Schoor Natasja M
- Van Vliet-Ostaptchouk Jana V
- van Wingerden Sophie
- van Wingerden Sophie W
- Van Zuydam Natalie
- Vandenput Liesbeth
- Varga Tibor V
- Vartiainen Erkki
- Vasan Ramachandran S
- Vedantam Sailaja
- Veldre Gudrun
- Verlaan Dominique
- Vernon Smith Albert
- Veronesi Giovanni
- Verweij Niek
- Verwoert Germaine
- Verwoert Germaine C
- Viigimaa Margus
- Viikari Jorma
- Vinay D G
- Vineis Paolo
- Vink Jacqueline M
- Virtamo Jarmo
- Visscher Peter M
- Visser Jenny A
- Vitart Veronique
- Vohl Marie-Claude
- Voight Benjamin F
- Volcik Kelly A
- Vollenweider Peter
- Vonk Judith M
- Voorhuis Marlies
- Völker Uwe
- Völzke Henry
- Wadén Johan
- Waeber Gerard
- Waeber Gérard
- Wagenknecht Lynne E
- Waggott Daryl
- Wagner Peter J
- Wain Louise V
- Wainwright Nicholas
- Waite Lindsay L
- Walker Mark
- Wallace Leanne
- Wallaschofski Henri
- Wallentin Lars
- Wang Hansong
- Wang Jie Jin
- Wang Thomas J
- Wang Xiaoling
- Wareham Nicholas
- Wareham Nick J
- Warrington Nicole M
- Watanabe Richard M
- Waterworth Dawn
- Watkins Hugh
- Weder Alan B
- Weedon Michael N
- Welch Ryan P
- Wells George A
- Wennauer Roman
- Westra Harm-Jan
- Wheeler Eleanor
- Wheeler Heather E
- Whincup Peter H
- Whitfield John B
- Wichmann H Erich
- Wichmann H-Erich
- Widen Elisabeth
- Wiggins Kerri L
- Wijmenga Cisca
- Wijnands-van Gent Colette J M
- Wild Philipp S
- Wild Sarah H
- Wilk Alicja
- Wilkens Lynne
- Willems Sara M
- Willemsen Gonneke
- Willemsvan-vanDijk Ko
- Willenborg Christina
- Willer Cristen J
- Williams Frances M K
- Williams Rasheeda
- Williams Winfred W
- Willner Dana
- Wilsgaard Tom
- Wilson James F
- Wilson James G
- Wilson Sarah
- Wilson Scott G
- Winkler Thomas
- Witteman Jacqueline C
- Witteman Jacqueline C M
- Wojczynski Mary K
- Wolffenbuttel Bruce H R
- Wong Andrew
- Wong Tien Y
- Woo Jean
- Wood Andrew R
- Wood Andy
- Workalemahu Tsegaselassie
- Wright Alan F
- Wu Chunyuan
- Wu Joseph M W
- Wu Ying
- Würtz Peter
- Xiao Su-Mei
- Yajnik Chittaranjan S
- Yang Jian
- Yang Qiong
- Yang Tsun-Po
- Yao Jie
- Yengo Loïc
- Yerges-Armstrong Laura M
- Young Alicia
- Young Elizabeth H
- Young J H
- Young Lauren
- Yuan Xin
- Zaboli Ghazal
- Zalloua Pierre A
- Zarrabeitia María T
- Zelenika Diana
- Zemunik Tatijana
- Zerbini Gianpaolo
- Zgaga Lina
- Zhai Guangju
- Zhang Feng
- Zhang Qunyuan
- Zhang Weihua
- Zhao Jing Hua
- Zhao Wei
- Zheng Hou-Feng
- Zheng Wei
- Zhou Yanhua
- Zhu Haidong
- Zhu Kun
- Zhu Xiaofeng
- Zhuang Wei V
- Zhuang Wei Vivian
- Ziegler Andreas
- Zillikens M Carola
- Zimmermann Martina E
- Zitting Paavo
- Zondervan Krina T
- Zukowska-Szczechowska Ewa
- Zygmunt Marek
- Ärnlöv Johan
- Österholm Anne-May
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2015
- Field of study
Body fat distribution is a heritable trait and a well-established predictor of adverse metabolic outcomes, independent of overall adiposity. To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of body fat distribution and its molecular links to cardiometabolic traits, here we conduct genome-wide association meta-analyses of traits related to waist and hip circumferences in up to 224,459 individuals. We identify 49 loci (33 new) associated with waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (BMI), and an additional 19 loci newly associated with related waist and hip circumference measures (P < 5 × 10(-8)). In total, 20 of the 49 waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI loci show significant sexual dimorphism, 19 of which display a stronger effect in women. The identified loci were enriched for genes expressed in adipose tissue and for putative regulatory elements in adipocytes. Pathway analyses implicated adipogenesis, angiogenesis, transcriptional regulation and insulin resistance as processes affecting fat distribution, providing insight into potential pathophysiological mechanisms
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- Author
- Abdalla Fabio C.
- Abeliovich Hagai
- Abraham Robert T.
- Acevedo-Arozena Abraham
- Adeli Khosrow
- Agholme Lotta
- Agnello Maria
- Agostinis Patrizia
- Aguirre-Ghiso Julio A.
- Ahn Hyung Jun
- Ait-Mohamed Ouardia
- Ait-Si-Ali Slimane
- Akematsu Takahiko
- Akira Shizuo
- Al-Younes Hesham M.
- Al-Zeer Munir A.
- Albert Matthew L.
- Albin Roger L.
- Alegre-Abarrategui Javier
- Aleo Maria Francesca
- Alirezaei Mehrdad
- Almasan Alexandru
- Almonte-Becerril Maylin
- Amano Atsuo
- Amaravadi Ravi K.
- Amarnath Shoba
- Amer Amal O.
- Anantharam Vellareddy
- Andrieu-Abadie Nathalie
- Ann David K.
- Anoopkumar-Dukie Shailendra
- Aoki Hiroshi
- Apostolova Nadezda
- Arancia Giuseppe
- Aris John P.
- Asanuma Katsuhiko
- Asare Nana Y.O.
- Ashida Hisashi
- Askanas Valerie
- Askew David S
- Auberger Patrick
- Baba Misuzu
- Backues Steven K.
- Baehrecke Eric H.
- Bahr Ben A.
- Bai Xue-Yuan
- Bailly Yannick
- Baiocchi Robert
- Baldini Giulia
- Balduini Walter
- Ballabio Andrea
- Bamber Bruce A.
- Bampton Edward T.W.
- Bartholomew Clinton R.
- Bassham Diane C.
- Bast Robert C.
- Batoko Henri
- Bay Boon-Huat
- Beau Isabelle
- Begley Thomas J.
- Behl Christian
- Behrends Christian
- Bekri Soumeya
- Bellaire Bryan
- Bendall Linda J.
- Benetti Luca
- Berliocchi Laura
- Bernardi Henri
- Bernassola Francesca
- Besteiro Sébastien
- Bhatia-Kiššová Ingrid
- Bi Xiaoning
- Biard-Piechaczyk Martine
- Blum Janice S.
- Boise Lawrence H.
- Bonaldo Paolo
- Boone David L
- Bornhauser Beat C.
- Bortoluci Karina R.
- Bossis Ioannis
- Bost Frédéric
- Bourquin Jean-Pierre
- Boya Patricia
- Boyer-Guittaut Michaël
- Bozhkov Peter V.
- Brady Nathan R
- Brancolini Claudio
- Brech Andreas
- Brenman Jay E.
- Brennand Ana
- Bresnick Emery H.
- Brest Patrick
- Bridges Dave
- Bristol Molly L.
- Brookes Paul S.
- Brown Eric J.
- Brumell John H.
- Brunetti-Pierri Nicola
- Brunk Ulf T.
- Bulman Dennis E.
- Bultman Scott J.
- Bultynck Geert
- Burbulla Lena F.
- Bursch Wilfried
- Butchar Jonathan P.
- Buzgariu Wanda
- Bydlowski Sergio P.
- Béchet Daniel M.
- Cadwell Ken
- Cahová Monika
- Cai Dongsheng
- Cai Jiyang
- Cai Qian
- Calabretta Bruno
- Calvo-Garrido Javier
- Camougrand Nadine
- Campanella Michelangelo
- Campos-Salinas Jenny
- Candi Eleonora
- Cao Lizhi
- Caplan Allan B.
- Carding Simon R.
- Cardoso Sandra M.
- Carew Jennifer S.
- Carlin Cathleen R.
- Carmignac Virginie
- Carneiro Leticia A.M.
- Carra Serena
- Caruso Rosario A.
- Casari Giorgio
- Casas Caty
- Castino Roberta
- Cebollero Eduardo
- Cecconi Francesco
- Celli Jean
- Chaachouay Hassan
- Chae Han-Jung
- Chai Chee-Yin
- Chan David C.
- Chan Edmond Y.
- Chang Raymond Chuen-Chung
- Che Chi-Ming
- Chen Ching-Chow
- Chen Guang-Chao
- Chen Guo-Qiang
- Chen Min
- Chen Quan
- Chen Steve S.-L.
- Chen WenLi
- Chen Xi
- Chen Xiangmei
- Chen Xiequn
- Chen Ye-Guang
- Chen Yingyu
- Chen Yongqiang
- Chen Yu-Jen
- Chen Zhixiang
- Cheng Alan
- Cheng Christopher H.K.
- Cheng Yan
- Cheong Heesun
- Cheong Jae-Ho
- Cherry Sara
- Chess-Williams Russ
- Cheung Zelda H.
- Chevet Eric
- Chiang Hui-Ling
- Chiarelli Roberto
- Chiba Tomoki
- Chin Lih-Shen
- Chiou Shih-Hwa
- Chisari Francis V.
- Cho Chi Hin
- Cho Dong-Hyung
- Choi Augustine MK
- Choi DooSeok
- Choi Kyeong Sook
- Choi Mary E.
- Chouaib Salem
- Choubey Divaker
- Choubey Vinay
- Chu Charleen T
- Chuang Tsung-Hsien
- Chueh Sheau-Huei
- Chun Taehoon
- Chwae Yong-Joon
- Chye Mee-Len
- Ciarcia Roberto
- Ciriolo Maria R.
- Clague Michael J.
- Clark Robert S.B.
- Clarke Peter G.H.
- Clarke Robert B
- Codogno Patrice
- Coller Hilary A.
- Colombo María I.
- Comincini Sergio
- Condello Maria
- Condorelli Fabrizio
- Cookson Mark R.
- Coombs Graham H
- Coppens Isabelle
- Corbalan Ramon
- Cossart Pascale
- Costelli Paola
- Costes Safia
- Coto-Montes Ana
- Couve Eduardo
- Coxon Fraser P.
- Cregg James M.
- Crespo José L.
- Cronjé Marianne J.
- Cuervo Ana Maria
- Cullen Joseph J.
- Czaja Mark J.
- D'Amelio Marcello
- Darfeuille-Michaud Arlette
- Davids Lester M.
- Davies Faith E.
- De Felici Massimo
- de Groot John F.
- de Haan Cornelis A.M.
- De Martino Luisa
- De Milito Angelo
- De Tata Vincenzo
- Debnath Jayanta
- Degterev Alexei
- Dehay Benjamin
- Delbridge Lea M.D.
- Demarchi Francesca
- Deng Yi Zhen
- Dengjel Jörn
- Dent Paul
- Denton Donna
- Deretic Vojo
- Desai Shyamal D.
- Devenish Rodney J.
- Di Gioacchino Mario
- Di Paolo Gilbert
- Di Pietro Chiara
- Diaz-Meco Maria T.
- Diaz-Nido Javier
- Dikic Ivan
- Dinesh-Kumar Savithramma P.
- Ding Wen-Xing
- Distelhorst Clark W.
- Diwan Abhinav
- Djavaheri-Mergny Mojgan
- Dokudovskaya Svetlana
- Dong Zheng
- Dorsey Frank C.
- Dosenko Victor
- Dowling James J.
- Doxsey Stephen
- Dreux Marlène
- Drew Mark E.
- Duan Qiuhong
- Duchosal Michel A
- Duff Karen E.
- Dugail Isabelle
- Durbeej Madeleine
- Duszenko Michael
- Díaz-Araya Guillermo
- Díaz-Laviada Inés
- Edelstein Charles L.
- Edinger Aimee L.
- Egea Gustavo
- Eichinger Ludwig
- Eissa N. Tony
- Ekmekcioglu Suhendan
- El-Deiry Wafik S.
- Elazar Zvulun
- Elgendy Mohamed
- Ellerby Lisa M.
- Eng Kai Er
- Engelbrecht Anna-Mart
- Engelender Simone
- Erenpreisa Jekaterina
- Escalante Ricardo
- Esclatine Audrey
- Eskelinen Eeva-Liisa
- Espert Lucile
- Espina Virginia
- Fan Huizhou
- Fan Jia
- Fan Qi-Wen
- Fan Zhen
- Fang Shengyun
- Fang Yongqi
- Fanto Manolis
- Fanzani Alessandro
- Farkas Thomas
- Farre Jean-Claude
- Faure Mathias
- Fechheimer Marcus
- Feng Carl G.
- Feng Jian
- Feng Qili
- Feng Youji
- Feuer Ralph
- Figueiredo-Pereira Maria E.
- Fimia Gian Maria
- Fingar Diane C.
- Finkbeiner Steven
- Finkel Toren
- Finley Kim D.
- Fiorito Filomena
- Fisher Edward A.
- Fisher Paul B.
- Flajolet Marc
- Flores Juan B. Kouri
- Florez-McClure Maria L.
- Florio Salvatore
- Fon Edward A
- Fornai Francesco
- Fortunato Franco
- Fotedar Rati
- Fowler Daniel H.
- Fox Howard S.
- Franco Rodrigo
- Frankel Lisa B.
- Fransen Marc
- Fuentes José M.
- Fueyo Juan
- Fujii Jun
- Fujisaki Kozo
- Fujita Eriko
- Fukuda Mitsunori
- Furukawa Ruth H.
- Fésüs László
- Gaestel Matthias
- Gailly Philippe
- Gajewska Malgorzata
- Galliot Brigitte
- Galy Vincent
- Ganesh Subramaniam
- Ganetzky Barry
- Ganley Ian G.
- Gao Fen-Biao
- Gao George F.
- Gao Jinming
- Garcia Lorena
- Garcia-Manero Guillermo
- Garcia-Marcos Mikel
- Garmyn Marjan
- Gartel Andrei L.
- Gatti Evelina
- Gautel Mathias
- Gawriluk Thomas R.
- Gegg Matthew E.
- Geng Jiefei
- Germain Marc
- Gestwicki Jason E.
- Gewirtz David A
- Ghavami Saeid
- Ghosh Pradipta
- Giammarioli Anna M.
- Giatromanolaki Alexandra N.
- Gibson Spencer B.
- Gilkerson Robert W.
- Ginger Michael L.
- Ginsberg Henry N.
- Golab Jakub
- Goligorsky Michael S.
- Golstein Pierre
- Gomez-Manzano Candelaria
- Goncu Ebru
- Gongora Céline
- Gonzalez Claudio D.
- Gonzalez Ramon
- Gonzalez-Rey Elena
- González-Estévez Cristina
- González-Polo Rosa Ana
- Gorbunov Nikolai V.
- Gorski Sharon
- Goruppi Sandro
- Gottlieb Roberta A
- Gozuacik Devrim
- Granato Giovanna Elvira
- Grant Gary D.
- Green Kim N.
- Gregorc Ales
- Gros Frédéric
- Grose Charles
- Grunt Thomas W.
- Gual Philippe
- Guan Jun-Lin
- Guan Kun-Liang
- Guichard Sylvie M.
- Gukovskaya Anna S.
- Gukovsky Ilya
- Gunst Jan
- Gustafsson Åsa B.
- Halayko Andrew J.
- Hale Amber N.
- Halonen Sandra K.
- Hamasaki Maho
- Han Feng
- Han Ting
- Hancock Michael K.
- Hansen Malene
- Harada Hisashi
- Harada Masaru
- Hardt Stefan E.
- Harper J. Wade
- Harris Adrian L.
- Harris James
- Harris Steven D.
- Hashimoto Makoto
- Haspel Jeffrey A.
- Hayashi Shin-ichiro
- Hazelhurst Lori A.
- He Congcong
- He You-Wen
- Heidenreich Kim A.
- Helfrich Miep H.
- Helgason Gudmundur V.
- Henske Elizabeth P.
- Herman Brian
- Herman Paul K.
- Hetz Claudio
- Hilfiker Sabine
- Hill Joseph A
- Hocking Lynne J.
- Hofman Paul
- Hofmann Thomas G.
- Holyoake Tessa L.
- Hong Ming-Huang
- Hood David A.
- Hotamisligil Gökhan S.
- Houwerzijl Ewout J.
- Hu Bingren
- Hu Chien-an A.
- Hu Hong-Ming
- Hua Ya
- Huang Canhua
- Huang Ju
- Huang Shengbing
- Huang Wei-Pang
- Huber Tobias B.
- Huh Won-Ki
- Hung Tai-Ho
- Hupp Ted R.
- Hur Gang Min
- Hurley James B.
- Hussain Sabah N.A.
- Hussey Patrick J.
- Hwang Jung Jin
- Hwang Seungmin
- Hébert Marie-Josée
- Höhfeld Jörg
- Høyer-Hansen Maria
- Ichihara Atsuhiro
- Ilkhanizadeh Shirin
- Inoki Ken
- Into Takeshi
- Iovane Valentina
- Iovanna Juan L.
- Ip Nancy Y.
- Isaka Yoshitaka
- Ishida Hiroyuki
- Isidoro Ciro
- Isobe Ken-ichi
- Iwasaki Akiko
- Izquierdo Marta
- Izumi Yotaro
- Jaakkola Panu M.
- Jackson George R.
- Jackson William T.
- Janji Bassam
- Jendrach Marina
- Jeon Ju-Hong
- Jeung Eui-Bae
- Jiang Hong
- Jiang Hongchi
- Jiang Jean X.
- Jiang Ming
- Jiang Qing
- Jiang Xuejun
- Jiménez Alberto
- Jin Meiyan
- Jin Shengkan V.
- Joe Cheol O.
- Johansen Terje
- Johnson Daniel E.
- Johnson Gail V.W.
- Jones Nicola L.
- Joseph Bertrand
- Joseph Suresh K.
- Joubert Annie M.
- Juhász Gábor
- Juillerat-Jeanneret Lucienne
- Jung Chang Hwa
- Jung Yong-Keun
- Jäättelä Marja
- Kaarniranta Kai
- Kaasik Allen
- Kabuta Tomohiro
- Kadowaki Motoni
- Kamada Yoshiaki
- Kaminskyy Vitaliy O.
- Kampinga Harm H.
- Kanamori Hiromitsu
- Kang Chanhee
- Kang Khong Bee
- Kang Kwang Il
- Kang Rui
- Kang Yoon-A
- Kanki Tomotake
- Kanneganti Thirumala-Devi
- Kanno Haruo
- Kanthasamy Anumantha G.
- Kanthasamy Arthi
- Karantza Vassiliki
- Kaushal Gur P.
- Kaushik Susmita
- Kawazoe Yoshinori
- Ke Po-Yuan
- Kehrl John H.
- Kelekar Ameeta
- Kerkhoff Claus
- Kessel David H.
- Khalil Hany
- Kiel Jan A.K.W.
- Kiger Amy A.
- Kihara Akio
- Kim Deok Ryong
- Kim Do-Hyung
- Kim Dong-Hou
- Kim Eun-Kyoung
- Kim Hyung-Ryong
- Kim Jae-Sung
- Kim Jeong Hun
- Kim Jin Cheon
- Kim John K.
- Kim Peter K.
- Kim Seong Who
- Kim Yong-Sun
- Kim Yonghyun
- Kimchi Adi
- Kimmelman Alec C.
- King Jason S.
- Kinsella Timothy J.
- Kirkin Vladimir
- Kirshenbaum Lorrie A.
- Kitamoto Katsuhiko
- Kitazato Kaio
- Klein Ludger
- Klimecki Walter T.
- Klionsky Daniel J
- Klucken Jochen
- Knecht Erwin
- Ko Ben C.B.
- Koch Jan C.
- Koga Hiroshi
- Koh Jae-Young
- Koh Young Ho
- Koike Masato
- Komatsu Masaaki
- Kominami Eiki
- Kong Hee Jeong
- Kong Wei-Jia
- Korolchuk Viktor I.
- Kotake Yaichiro
- Koukourakis Michael I.
- Kovács Attila L
- Kraft Claudine
- Krainc Dimitri
- Kretz-Remy Carole
- Krichevsky Anna M.
- Kroemer Guido
- Krut Oleg
- Krämer Helmut
- Krüger Rejko
- Ktistakis Nicholas T.
- Kuan Chia-Yi
- Kucharczyk Roza
- Kumar Ashok
- Kumar Raj
- Kumar Sharad
- Kundu Mondira
- Kung Hsing-Jien
- Kurz Tino
- Kwon Ho Jeong
- Kågedal Katarina
- La Spada Albert R.
- Lafont Frank
- Lamark Trond
- Landry Jacques
- Lane Jon D.
- Lapaquette Pierre
- Laporte Jocelyn F.
- Lavandero Sergio
- Lavoie Josée N.
- Layfield Robert
- Lazo Pedro A.
- Le Cam Laurent
- Le Weidong
- Ledbetter Daniel J.
- Lee Alvin J.X.
- Lee Byung-Wan
- Lee Gyun Min
- Lee Jongdae
- lee Ju-hyun
- Lee Michael
- Lee Myung-Shik
- Lee Sug Hyung
- Leeuwenburgh Christiaan
- Legembre Patrick
- Legouis Renaud
- Lehmann Michael
- Lei Huan-Yao
- Lei Qun-Ying
- Leib David A.
- Leiro José
- Lemasters John J.
- Lemoine Antoinette
- Lesniak Maciej S.
- Lev Dina
- Levenson Victor V.
- Levine Beth
- Levy Efrat
- Li Faqiang
- Li Jun-Lin
- Li Lian
- Li Sheng
- Li Weijie
- Li Xue-Jun
- Li Yan-Bo
- Li Yi-Ping
- Liang Chengyu
- Liang Qiangrong
- Liao Yung-Feng
- Liberski Pawel P.
- Lieberman Andrew
- Lim Hyunjung J.
- Lim Kah-Leong
- Lim Kyu
- Lin Chiou-Feng
- Lin Fu-Cheng
- Lin Jian
- Lin Jiandie D.
- Lin Kui
- Lin Wan-Wan
- Lin Weei-Chin
- Lin Yi-Ling
- Linden Rafael
- Lingor Paul
- Lippincott-Schwartz Jennifer
- Lisanti Michael P.
- Liton Paloma B.
- Liu Bo
- Liu Chun-Feng
- Liu Kaiyu
- Liu Leyuan
- Liu Qiong A.
- Liu Wei
- Liu Young-Chau
- Liu Yule
- Lockshin Richard A.
- Lok Chun-Nam
- Lonial Sagar
- Loos Benjamin
- Lopez-Berestein Gabriel
- Lossi Laura
- Lotze Michael T.
- Low Peter
- Lu Binfeng
- Lu Bingwei
- Lu Bo
- Lu Zhen
- Luciano Fréderic
- Lukacs Nicholas W.
- Lund Anders H.
- Lynch-Day Melinda A.
- László Lajos
- López-Otín Carlos
- Ma Yong
- Macian Fernando
- MacKeigan Jeff P.
- Macleod Kay F.
- Madeo Frank
- Maiuri Luigi
- Maiuri Maria Chiara
- Malagoli Davide
- Malicdan May Christine V.
- Malorni Walter
- Man Na
- Mandelkow Eva-Maria
- Manon Stephen
- Manov Irena
- Mao Kai
- Mao Xiang
- Mao Zixu
- Marambaud Philippe
- Marazziti Daniela
- Marcel Yves L.
- Marchbank Katie
- Marchetti Piero
- Marciniak Stefan J.
- Marcondes Mateus
- Mardi Mohsen
- Marfe Gabriella
- Mariño Guillermo
- Markaki Maria
- Marten Mark R.
- Martin Seamus J.
- Martinand-Mari Camille
- Martinet Wim
- Martinez-Vicente Marta
- Masini Matilde
- Matarrese Paola
- Matsuo Saburo
- Matteoni Raffaele
- Mayer Andreas
- Mazure Nathalie M.
- McConkey David J.
- McConnell Melanie J.
- McDermott Catherine
- McDonald Christine
- McInerney Gerald M.
- McKenna Sharon L.
- McLaughlin BethAnn
- McLean Pamela J.
- McMaster Christopher R.
- McQuibban G. Angus
- Meijer Alfred J.
- Meisler Miriam H.
- Melia Thomas J.
- Melino Gerry
- Meléndez Alicia
- Mena Maria A.
- Menendez Javier A.
- Menna-Barreto Rubem F. S.
- Menon Manoj B.
- Menzies Fiona M.
- Mercer Carol A.
- Merighi Adalberto
- Merry Diane E.
- Meschini Stefania
- Meyer Christian G.
- Meyer Thomas F.
- Miao Chao-Yu
- Miao Jun-Ying
- Michels Paul A.M.
- Michiels Carine
- Mijaljica Dalibor
- Milojkovic Ana
- Minucci Saverio
- Miracco Clelia
- Miranti Cindy K.
- Mitroulis Ioannis
- Miyazawa Keisuke
- Mizushima Noboru
- Mograbi Baharia
- Mohseni Simin
- Molero Xavier
- Mollereau Bertrand
- Mollinedo Faustino
- Momoi Takashi
- Monastyrska Iryna
- Monick Martha M.
- Monteiro Mervyn J.
- Moore Michael N.
- Mora Rodrigo
- Moreau Kevin
- Moreira Paula I.
- Moriyasu Yuji
- Moscat Jorge
- Mostowy Serge
- Mottram Jeremy C
- Motyl Tomasz
- Moussa Charbel E.-H.
- Muller Sylviane
- Murphy Leon O.
- Murphy Maureen E.
- Musarò Antonio
- Mysorekar Indira
- Müller Sylke
- Münger Karl
- Münz Christian
- Nagata Eiichiro
- Nagata Kazuhiro
- Nahimana Aimable
- Nair Usha
- Nakagawa Toshiyuki
- Nakahira Kiichi
- Nakano Hiroyasu
- Nakatogawa Hitoshi
- Nanjundan Meera
- Naqvi Naweed I
- Narendra Derek P.
- Narita Masashi
- Navarro Miguel
- Nawrocki Steffan T.
- Nazarko Taras Y.
- Nemchenko Andriy
- Netea Mihai G.
- Neufeld Thomas P.
- Ney Paul A.
- Nezis Ioannis P.
- Nguyen Huu Phuc
- Nie Daotai
- Nishino Ichizo
- Nislow Corey
- Nixon Ralph A.
- Noda Takeshi
- Noegel Angelika A.
- Nogalska Anna
- Noguchi Satoru
- Notterpek Lucia
- Novak Ivana
- Nozaki Tomoyoshi
- Nukina Nobuyuki
- Nyfeler Beat
- Nürnberger Thorsten
- Obara Keisuke
- Oberley Terry D.
- Oddo Salvatore
- Ogawa Michinaga
- Ohashi Toya
- Okamoto Koji
- Oleinick Nancy L.
- Oliver F. Javier
- Olsen Laura J.
- Olsson Stefan
- Opota Onya
- Osborne Timothy F.
- Ostrander Gary K.
- Otsu Kinya
- Ou Jing-hsiung James
- Ouimet Mireille
- Overholtzer Michael
- Ozpolat Bulent
- Paganetti Paolo
- Pagnini Ugo
- Pallet Nicolas
- Palmer Glen E.
- Palumbo Camilla
- Pan Tianhong
- Panaretakis Theocharis
- Pandey Udai Bhan
- Papackova Zuzana
- Papassideri Issidora
- Paris Irmgard
- Park Junsoo
- Park Ohkmae K.
- Parys Jan B.
- Parzych Katherine R.
- Patschan Susann
- Patterson Cam
- Pattingre Sophie
- Pawelek John M.
- Peng Jianxin
- Perlmutter David H.
- Perrotta Ida
- Perry George
- Pervaiz Shazib
- Peter Matthias
- Peters Godefridus J.
- Petersen Morten
- Petrovski Goran
- Phang James M.
- Piacentini Mauro
- Pierre Philippe
- Pierrefite-Carle Valérie
- Pierron Gérard
- Pinkas-Kramarski Ronit
- Piras Antonio
- Piri Natik
- Platanias Leonidas C.
- Poirot Marc
- Poletti Angelo
- Pozuelo-Rubio Mercedes
- Poüs Christian
- Prasad Anil
- Prescott Mark
- Priault Muriel
- Produit-Zengaffinen Nathalie
- Progulske-Fox Ann
- Proikas-Cezanne Tassula
- Przedborski Serge
- Przyklenk Karin
- Prætorius-Ibba Mette
- Puertollano Rosa
- Puyal Julien
- Pöggeler Stefanie
- Qian Shu-Bing
- Qin Liang
- Qin Zheng-Hong
- Quaggin Susan E.
- Raben Nina
- Rabinowich Hannah
- Rabkin Simon W.
- Rahman Irfan
- Rami Abdelhaq
- Ramm Georg
- Randall Glenn
- Randow Felix
- Rao V. Ashutosh
- Rathmell Jeffrey C.
- Ravikumar Brinda
- Ray Swapan K.
- Reed Bruce H.
- Reed John C.
- Reggiori Fulvio
- Reichert Andreas S.
- Reiners Jr., John J.
- Reiter Russel J.
- Ren Jun
- Revuelta José L.
- Rhodes Christopher J.
- Ritis Konstantinos
- Rizzo Elizete
- Robbins Jeffrey
- Roberge Michel
- Roca Hernan
- Roccheri Maria C.
- Rocchi Stephane
- Rodemann H. Peter
- Rodríguez de Córdoba Santiago
- Rohrer Bärbel
- Roninson Igor B.
- Rosen Kirill
- Rost-Roszkowska Magdalena M.
- Rouis Mustapha
- Rouschop Kasper M.A.
- Rovetta Francesca
- Rubin Brian P.
- Rubinsztein David C
- Ruckdeschel Klaus
- Rucker Edmund B.
- Rudich Assaf
- Rudolf Emil
- Ruiz-Opazo Nelson
- Russo Rossella
- Rusten Tor Erik
- Ryan Kevin M.
- Ryter Stefan W
- Régnier-Vigouroux Anne
- Sabatini David M.
- Sadoshima Junichi
- Saha Tapas
- Saitoh Tatsuya
- Sakagami Hiroshi
- Sakai Yasuyoshi
- Salekdeh Ghasem Hoseini
- Salomoni Paolo
- Salvaterra Paul M.
- Salvesen Guy
- Salvioli Rosa
- Sanchez Anthony M.J.
- Sandri Marco
- Sankar Uma
- Sansanwal Poonam
- Santambrogio Laura
- Saran Shweta
- Sarkar Sovan
- Sarwal Minnie
- Sasakawa Chihiro
- Sasnauskiene Ausra
- Sass Miklós
- Sato Ken
- Sato Miyuki
- Schapira Anthony H.V.
- Scharl Michael
- Scheper Wiep
- Schiaffino Stefano
- Schneider Claudio
- Schneider Marion E.
- Schneider-Stock Regine
- Schoenlein Patricia V.
- Schorderet Daniel F.
- Schwartz Gary K.
- Schätzl Hermann M.
- Schüller Christoph
- Scorrano Luca
- Sealy Linda
- Seglen Per O
- Segura-Aguilar Juan
- Seiliez Iban
- Seleverstov Oleksandr
- Sell Christian
- Seo Jong Bok
- Separovic Duska
- Setaluri Vijayasaradhi
- Setoguchi Takao
- Settembre Carmine
- Shacka John J.
- Shanmugam Mala
- Shapiro Irving M
- Shaulian Eitan
- Shaw Reuben J.
- Shelhamer James H.
- Shen Han-Ming
- Shen Wei-Chiang
- Sheng Zu-Hang
- Shi Yang
- Shibuya Kenichi
- Shidoji Yoshihiro
- Shieh Jeng-Jer
- Shih Chwen-Ming
- Shimada Yohta
- Shimizu Shigeomi
- Shintani Takahiro
- Shirihai Orian S.
- Shore Gordon C.
- Sibirny Andriy A.
- Sidhu Stan B.
- Sikorska Beata
- Silva-Zacarin Elaine
- Silva-Zacarin Elaine C.M.
- Simmons Alison
- Simon Anna Katharina
- Simon Hans-Uwe
- Simone Cristiano
- Simonsen Anne
- Sinclair David A.
- Singh Rajat
- Sinha Debasish
- Sinicrope Frank A.
- Sirko Agnieszka
- Siu Parco M.
- Sivridis Efthimios
- Skop Vojtech
- Skulachev Vladimir P.
- Slack Ruth S.
- Smaili Soraya S.
- Smith Duncan R.
- Soengas Maria S.
- Soldati Thierry
- Song Xueqin
- Sood Anil K.
- Soong Tuck Wah
- Sotgia Federica
- Spector Stephen A.
- Spies Claudia D.
- Springer Wolfdieter
- Srinivasula Srinivasa M.
- Stefanis Leonidas
- Steffan Joan S.
- Stendel Ruediger
- Stenmark Harald
- Stephanou Anastasis
- Stern Stephan T.
- Sternberg Cinthya
- Stork Björn
- Strålfors Peter
- Subauste Carlos S.
- Sui Xinbing
- Sulzer David
- Sun Jiaren
- Sun Shi-Yong
- Sun Zhi-Jun
- Sung Joseph J.Y.
- Suzuki Kuninori
- Suzuki Toshihiko
- Swanson Michele S.
- Swanton Charles
- Sweeney Sean T.
- Sy Lai-King
- Szabadkai György
- Sánchez-Alcázar José A.
- Sánchez-Prieto Ricardo
- Tabas Ira
- Taegtmeyer Heinrich
- Tafani Marco
- Takano Yoshitaka
- Takegawa Kaoru
- Takemura Genzou
- Takeshita Fumihiko
- Takács-Vellai Krisztina
- Talbot Nicholas J.
- Tan Kevin S.W.
- Tanaka Keiji
- Tanaka Kozo
- Tang Daolin
- Tang Dingzhong
- Tanida Isei
- Tannous Bakhos A.
- Tavernarakis Nektarios
- Taylor Graham S.
- Taylor Gregory A.
- Taylor J. Paul
- Terada Lance S.
- Terman Alexei
- Tettamanti Gianluca
- Thevissen Karin
- Thompson Craig B.
- Thorburn Andrew
- Thumm Michael
- Tian FengFeng
- Tian Yuan
- Tocchini-Valentini Glauco
- Tolkovsky Aviva M.
- Tomino Yasuhiko
- Tooze Sharon A.
- Tournier Cathy
- Tower John
- Towns Roberto
- Trajkovic Vladimir
- Travassos Leonardo H.
- Tsai Ting-Fen
- Tschan Mario P.
- Tsubata Takeshi
- Tsung Allan
- Turk Boris
- Turner Lorianne S.
- Tyagi Suresh C.
- Tönges Lars
- Uchiyama Yasuo
- Ueno Takashi
- Umekawa Midori
- Umemiya-Shirafuji Rika
- Unni Vivek K.
- Vaccaro Maria I.
- Valente Enza Maria
- Van den Berghe Greet
- van der Klei Ida J.
- van Doorn Wouter G
- van Dyk Linda F.
- van Egmond Marjolein
- van Grunsven Leo A.
- Vandenabeele Peter
- Vandenberghe Wim P.
- Vanhorebeek Ilse
- Vaquero Eva C.
- Velasco Guillermo
- Vellai Tibor
- Vicencio José Miguel
- Vierstra Richard D.
- Vila Miquel
- Vindis Cécile
- Viola Giampietro
- Viscomi Maria Teresa
- Voitsekhovskaja Olga V.
- von Haefen Clarissa
- Votruba Marcela
- Wada Keiji
- Wade-Martins Richard
- Walker Cheryl L.
- Walsh Craig M.
- Walter Jochen
- Wan Xiang-Bo
- Wang Aimin
- Wang Chenguang
- Wang Dawei
- Wang Fan
- Wang Guanghui
- Wang Haichao
- Wang Hong-Gang
- Wang Horng-Dar
- Wang Jin
- Wang Ke
- Wang Mei
- Wang Richard C.
- Wang Xinglong
- Wang Xiujie J.
- Wang Ying-Jan
- Wang Yipeng
- Wang Zhen-Bo
- Wang Zhigang Charles
- Wang Zhinong
- Wansink Derick G.
- Ward Diane M.
- Watada Hirotaka
- Waters Sarah L.
- Webster Paul
- Wei Lixin
- Weihl Conrad C.
- Weiss William A
- Welford Scott M.
- Wen Long-Ping
- Whitehouse Caroline A.
- Whitton J. Lindsay
- Whitworth Alexander J.
- Wileman Tom
- Wiley John W.
- Wilkinson Simon
- Willbold Dieter
- Williams Roger L.
- Williamson Peter R.
- Wouters Bradly G.
- Wu Chenghan
- Wu Dao-Cheng
- Wu William K.K.
- Wyttenbach Andreas
- Xavier Ramnik J.
- Xi Zhijun
- Xia Pu
- Xiao Gengfu
- Xie Zhiping
- Xie Zhonglin
- Xu Da-zhi
- Xu Jianzhen
- Xu Liang
- Xu Xiaolei
- Yamamoto Ai
- Yamamoto Akitsugu
- Yamashina Shunhei
- Yamashita Michiaki
- Yan Xianghua
- Yanagida Mitsuhiro
- Yang Dun-Sheng
- Yang Elizabeth
- Yang Jin-Ming
- Yang Shi Yu
- Yang Wannian
- Yang Wei Yuan
- Yang Zhifen
- Yao Meng-Chao
- Yao Tso-Pang
- Yeganeh Behzad
- Yen Wei-Lien
- Yin Jia-jing
- Yin Xiao-Ming
- Yoo Ook-Joon
- Yoon Gyesoon
- Yoon Seung-Yong
- Yorimitsu Tomohiro
- Yoshikawa Yuko
- Yoshimori Tamotsu
- Yoshimoto Kohki
- You Ho Jin
- Youle Richard J
- Younes Anas
- Yu Li
- Yu Long
- Yu Seong-Woon
- Yu Wai Haung
- Yuan Zhi-Min
- Yue Zhenyu
- Yun Cheol-Heui
- Yuzaki Michisuke
- Zabirnyk Olga
- Zacks David
- Zacksenhaus Eldad
- Zaffaroni Nadia
- Zakeri Zahra
- Zeh III Herbert J.
- Zeitlin Scott O.
- Zhang Hong
- Zhang Hui-Ling
- Zhang Jianhua
- Zhang Jing-Pu
- Zhang Jue
- Zhang Lin
- Zhang Long
- Zhang Ming-Yong
- Zhang Xu Dong
- Zhao Mantong
- Zhao Yi-Fang
- Zhao Ying
- Zhao Zhizhuang J.
- Zheng Xiaoxiang
- Zhivotovsky Boris
- Zhong Qing
- Zhou Cong-Zhao
- Zhu Changlian
- Zhu Wei-Guo
- Zhu Xiao-Feng
- Zhu Xiongwei
- Zhu Yuangang
- Zoladek Teresa
- Zong Wei-Xing
- Zorzano Antonio
- Zschocke Jürgen
- Zuckerbraun Brian
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/04/2012
- Field of study
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- Author
- Abdalla Fabio C
- Abeliovich Hagai
- Abraham Robert T
- Acevedo Arozena Abraham
- Adeli Khosrow
- Agholme Lotta
- Agnello Maria
- Agostinis Patrizia
- Aguirre Ghiso Julio A
- Ahn Hyung Jun
- Ait Mohamed Ouardia
- Ait Si Ali Slimane
- Akematsu Takahiko
- Akira Shizuo
- Al Younes Hesham M
- Al Zeer Munir A
- Albert Matthew L
- Albin Roger L
- Alegre Abarrategui Javier
- Aleo Maria Francesca
- Alirezaei Mehrdad
- Almasan Alexandru
- Almonte Becerril Maylin
- Amano Atsuo
- Amaravadi Ravi
- Amarnath Shoba
- Amer Amal O
- Anantharam Vellareddy
- Andrieu Abadie Nathalie
- Ann David K
- Anoopkumar Dukie Shailendra
- Aoki Hiroshi
- Apostolova Nadezda
- Arancia Giuseppe
- Aris John P
- Asanuma Katsuhiko
- Asare Nana Y. O
- Ashida Hisashi
- Askanas Valerie
- Askew David S
- Auberger Patrick
- B\ue1nhegyi G\ue1bor
- B\ue9chet Daniel M
- Baba Misuzu
- Backues Steven K
- Baehrecke Eric H
- Bahr Ben A
- Bai Xue Yuan
- Bailly Yannick
- Baiocchi Robert
- Baldini Giulia
- Balduini Walter
- Ballabio Andrea
- Bamber Bruce A
- Bampton Edward T. W
- Bartholomew Clinton R
- Bassham Diane C
- Bast Robert C
- Batoko Henri
- Bay Boon Huat
- Beau Isabelle
- Begley Thomas J
- Behl Christian
- Behrends Christian
- Bekri Soumeya
- Bellaire Bryan
- Bendall Linda J
- Benetti Luca
- Berliocchi Laura
- Bernardi Henri
- Bernassola Francesca
- Besteiro S\ue9bastien
- Bhatia Kissova Ingrid
- Bi Xiaoning
- Biard Piechaczyk Martine
- Blum Janice S
- Boise Lawrence H
- Bonaldo Paolo
- Boone David L
- Bornhauser Beat C
- Bortoluci Karina R
- Bossis Ioannis
- Bost Fr\ue9d\ue9ric
- Bourquin Jean Pierre
- Boya Patricia
- Boyer Guittaut Micha\uebl
- Bozhkov Peter V
- Brady Nathan R
- BRANCOLINI Claudio
- Brech Andreas
- Brenman Jay E
- Brennand Ana
- Bresnick Emery H
- Brest Patrick
- Bridges Dave
- Bristol Molly L
- Brookes Paul S
- Brown Eric J
- Brumell John H
- Brunetti Pierri Nicola
- Brunk Ulf T
- Bulman Dennis E
- Bultman Scott J
- Bultynck Geert
- Burbulla Lena F
- Bursch Wilfried
- Butchar Jonathan P
- Buzgariu Wanda
- Bydlowski Sergio P
- Cadwell Ken
- Cahov\ue1 Monika
- Cai Dongsheng
- Cai Jiyang
- Cai Qian
- Calabretta Bruno
- Calvo Garrido Javier
- Camougrand Nadine
- Campanella Michelangelo
- Campos Salinas Jenny
- Candi Eleonora
- Cao Lizhi
- Caplan Allan B
- Carding Simon R
- Cardoso Sandra M
- Carew Jennifer S
- Carlin Cathleen R
- Carmignac Virginie
- Carneiro Leticia A. M
- Carra Serena
- Caruso Rosario A
- Casari Giorgio
- Casas Caty
- Castino Roberta
- Cebollero Eduardo
- Cecconi Francesco
- Celli Jean
- Chaachouay Hassan
- Chae Han Jung
- Chai Chee Yin
- Chan David C
- Chan Edmond Y
- Chang Raymond Chuen Chung
- Che Chi Ming
- Chen Ching Chow
- Chen Guang Chao
- Chen Guo Qiang
- Chen Min
- Chen Quan
- Chen Steve S. L
- Chen Wenli
- Chen Xi
- Chen Xiangmei
- Chen Xiequn
- Chen Ye Guang
- Chen Yingyu
- Chen Yongqiang
- Chen Yu Jen
- Chen Zhixiang
- Cheng Alan
- Cheng Christopher H. K
- Cheng Yan
- Cheong Heesun
- Cheong Jae Ho
- Cherry Sara
- Chess Williams Russ
- Cheung Zelda H
- Chevet Eric
- Chiang Hui Ling
- Chiarelli Roberto
- Chiba Tomoki
- Chin Lih Shen
- Chiou Shih Hwa
- Chisari Francis V
- Cho Chi Hin
- Cho Dong Hyung
- Choi Augustine M. K
- Choi Dooseok
- Choi Kyeong Sook
- Choi Mary E
- Chouaib Salem
- Choubey Divaker
- Choubey Vinay
- Chu Charleen T
- Chuang Tsung Hsien
- Chueh Sheau Huei
- Chun Taehoon
- Chwae Yong Joon
- Chye Mee Len
- Ciarcia Roberto
- Ciriolo Maria R
- Clague Michael J
- Clark Robert S. B
- Clarke Peter G. H
- Clarke Robert
- Codogno Patrice
- Coller Hilary A
- Colombo Mar\ueda I
- Comincini Sergio
- Condello Maria
- Condorelli Fabrizio
- Cookson Mark R
- Coombs Graham H
- Coppens Isabelle
- Corbalan Ramon
- Cossart Pascale
- Costelli Paola
- Costes Safia
- Coto Montes Ana
- Couve Eduardo
- Coxon Fraser P
- Cregg James M
- Crespo Jos\ue9 L
- Cronj\ue9 Marianne J
- Cuervo Ana Maria
- Cullen Joseph J
- Czaja Mark J
- D'Amelio Marcello
- D\uedaz Araya Guillermo
- D\uedaz Laviada In\ue9s
- Darfeuille Michaud Arlette
- Davids Lester M
- Davies Faith E
- De Felici Massimo
- de Groot John F
- de Haan Cornelis A. M
- De Martino Luisa
- De Milito Angelo
- De Tata Vincenzo
- Debnath Jayanta
- Degterev Alexei
- Dehay Benjamin
- Delbridge Lea M. D
- Demarchi Francesca
- Deng Yi Zhen
- Dengjel J\uf6rn
- Dent Paul
- Denton Donna
- Deretic Vojo
- Desai Shyamal D
- Devenish Rodney J
- Di Gioacchino Mario
- Di Paolo Gilbert
- Di Pietro Chiara
- Diaz Meco Maria T
- Diaz Nido Javier
- Dikic Ivan
- Dinesh Kumar Savithramma P
- Ding Wen Xing
- Distelhorst Clark W
- Diwan Abhinav
- Djavaheri Mergny Mojgan
- Dokudovskaya Svetlana
- Dong Zheng
- Dorsey Frank C
- Dosenko Victor
- Dowling James J
- Doxsey Stephen
- Dreux Marl\ue8ne
- Drew Mark E
- Duan Qiuhong
- Duchosal Michel A
- Duff Karen
- Dugail Isabelle
- Durbeej Madeleine
- Duszenko Michael
- Edelstein Charles L
- Edinger Aimee L
- Egea Gustavo
- Eichinger Ludwig
- Eissa N. Tony
- Ekmekcioglu Suhendan
- El Deiry Wafik S
- Elazar Zvulun
- Elgendy Mohamed
- Ellerby Lisa M
- Eng Kai Er
- Engelbrecht Anna Mart
- Engelender Simone
- Erenpreisa Jekaterina
- Escalante Ricardo
- Esclatine Audrey
- Eskelinen Eeva Liisa
- Espert Lucile
- Espina Virginia
- F\ue9s\ufcs L\ue1szl\uf3
- Fan Huizhou
- Fan Jia
- Fan Qi Wen
- Fan Zhen
- Fang Shengyun
- Fang Yongqi
- Fanto Manolis
- Fanzani Alessandro
- Farkas Thomas
- Farr\ue9 Jean Claude
- Faure Mathias
- Fechheimer Marcus
- Feng Carl G
- Feng Jian
- Feng Qili
- Feng Youji
- Feuer Ralph
- Figueiredo Pereira Maria E
- Fimia Gian Maria
- Fingar Diane C
- Finkbeiner Steven
- Finkel Toren
- Finley Kim D
- Fiorito Filomena
- Fisher Edward A
- Fisher Paul B
- Flajolet Marc
- Florez McClure Maria L
- Florio Salvatore
- Fon Edward A
- Fornai Francesco
- Fortunato Franco
- Fotedar Rati
- Fowler Daniel H
- Fox Howard S
- Franco Rodrigo
- Frankel Lisa B
- Fransen Marc
- Fuentes Jos\ue9 M
- Fueyo Juan
- Fujii Jun
- Fujisaki Kozo
- Fujita Eriko
- Fukuda Mitsunori
- Furukawa Ruth H
- Gaestel Matthias
- Gailly Philippe
- Gajewska Malgorzata
- Galliot Brigitte
- Galy Vincent
- Ganesh Subramaniam
- Ganetzky Barry
- Ganley Ian G
- Gao Fen Biao
- Gao George F
- Gao Jinming
- Garcia Manero Guillermo
- Garcia Marcos Mikel
- Garcia Lorena
- Garmyn Marjan
- Gartel Andrei L
- Gatti Evelina
- Gautel Mathias
- Gawriluk Thomas R
- Gegg Matthew E
- Geng Jiefei
- Germain Marc
- Gestwicki Jason E
- Gewirtz David A
- Ghavami Saeid
- Ghosh Pradipta
- Giammarioli Anna M
- Giatromanolaki Alexandra N
- Gibson Spencer B
- Gilkerson Robert W
- Ginger Michael L
- Ginsberg Henry N
- Golab Jakub
- Goligorsky Michael S
- Golstein Pierre
- Gomez Manzano Candelaria
- Goncu Ebru
- Gongora C\ue9line
- Gonz\ue1lez Est\ue9vez Cristina
- Gonz\ue1lez Polo Rosa Ana
- Gonzalez Rey Elena
- Gonzalez Claudio D
- Gonzalez Ramon
- Gorbunov Nikolai V
- Gorski Sharon
- Goruppi Sandro
- Gottlieb Roberta A
- Gozuacik Devrim
- Granato Giovanna Elvira
- Grant Gary D
- Green Kim N
- Gregorc Ale\u161
- Gros Fr\ue9d\ue9ric
- Grose Charles
- Grunt Thomas W
- Gual Philippe
- Guan Jun Lin
- Guan Kun Liang
- Guichard Sylvie M
- Gukovskaya Anna S
- Gukovsky Ilya
- Gunst Jan
- Gustafsson Asa B
- H\ue9bert Marie Jose\ue9
- H\uf6hfeld J\uf6rg
- H\uf8yer Hansen Maria
- Halayko Andrew J
- Hale Amber N
- Halonen Sandra K
- Hamasaki Maho
- Han Feng
- Han Ting
- Hancock Michael K
- Hansen Malene
- Harada Hisashi
- Harada Masaru
- Hardt Stefan E
- Harper J. Wade
- Harris Adrian L
- Harris James
- Harris Steven D
- Hashimoto Makoto
- Haspel Jeffrey A
- Hayashi Shin ichiro
- Hazelhurst Lori A
- He Congcong
- He You Wen
- Heidenreich Kim A
- Helfrich Miep H
- Helgason Gudmundur V
- Henske Elizabeth P
- Herman Brian
- Herman Paul K
- Hetz Claudio
- Hilfiker Sabine
- Hill Joseph A
- Hocking Lynne J
- Hofman Paul
- Hofmann Thomas G
- Holyoake Tessa L
- Hong Ming Huang
- Hood David A
- Hotamisligil G\uf6khan S
- Houwerzijl Ewout J
- Hu Bingren
- Hu Chien An A
- Hu Hong Ming
- Hua Ya
- Huang Canhua
- Huang Ju
- Huang Shengbing
- Huang Wei Pang
- Huber Tobias B
- Huh Won Ki
- Hung Tai Ho
- Hupp Ted R
- Hur Gang Min
- Hurley James B
- Hussain Sabah N. A
- Hussey Patrick J
- Hwang Jung Jin
- Hwang Seungmin
- Ichihara Atsuhiro
- Ilkhanizadeh Shirin
- Inoki Ken
- Into Takeshi
- Iovane Valentina
- Iovanna Juan L
- Ip Nancy Y
- Isaka Yoshitaka
- Ishida Hiroyuki
- Isidoro Ciro
- Isobe Ken ichi
- Iwasaki Akiko
- Izquierdo Marta
- Izumi Yotaro
- J\ue4\ue4ttel\ue4 Marja
- Jaakkola Panu M
- Jackson George R
- Jackson William T
- Janji Bassam
- Jendrach Marina
- Jeon Ju Hong
- Jeung Eui Bae
- Jiang Hong
- Jiang Hongchi
- Jiang Jean X
- Jiang Ming
- Jiang Qing
- Jiang Xuejun
- Jiang Xuejun
- Jim\ue9nez Alberto
- Jin Meiyan
- Jin Shengkan
- Joe Cheol O
- Johansen Terje
- Johnson Daniel E
- Johnson Gail V. W
- Jones Nicola L
- Joseph Bertrand
- Joseph Suresh K
- Joubert Annie M
- Juh\ue1sz G\ue1bor
- Juillerat Jeanneret Lucienne
- Jung Chang Hwa
- Jung Yong Keun
- Kaarniranta Kai
- Kaasik Allen
- Kabuta Tomohiro
- Kadowaki Motoni
- Kagedal Katarina
- Kamada Yoshiaki
- Kaminskyy Vitaliy O
- Kampinga Harm H
- Kanamori Hiromitsu
- Kang Chanhee
- Kang Khong Bee
- Kang Kwang Il
- Kang Rui
- Kang Yoon A
- Kanki Tomotake
- Kanneganti Thirumala Devi
- Kanno Haruo
- Kanthasamy Anumantha G
- Kanthasamy Arthi
- Karantza Vassiliki
- Kaushal Gur P
- Kaushik Susmita
- Kawazoe Yoshinori
- Ke Po Yuan
- Kehrl John H
- Kelekar Ameeta
- Kerkhoff Claus
- Kessel David H
- Khalil Hany
- Kiel Jan A. K. W
- Kiger Amy A
- Kihara Akio
- Kim Deok Ryong
- Kim Do Hyung
- Kim Dong Hou
- Kim Eun Kyoung
- Kim Hyung Ryong
- Kim Jae Sung
- Kim Jeong Hun
- Kim Jin Cheon
- Kim John K
- Kim Peter K
- Kim Seong Who
- Kim Yong Sun
- Kim Yonghyun
- Kimchi Adi
- Kimmelman Alec C
- King Jason S
- Kinsella Timothy J
- Kirkin Vladimir
- Kirshenbaum Lorrie A
- Kitamoto Katsuhiko
- Kitazato Kaio
- Klein Ludger
- Klimecki Walter T
- Klionsky Daniel J
- Klucken Jochen
- Knecht Erwin
- Ko Ben C. B
- Koch Jan C
- Koga Hiroshi
- Koh Jae Young
- Koh Young Ho
- Koike Masato
- Komatsu Masaaki
- Kominami Eiki
- Kong Hee Jeong
- Kong Wei Jia
- Korolchuk Viktor I
- Kotake Yaichiro
- Koukourakis Michael I
- Kouri Flores Juan B
- Kov\ue1cs Attila L
- Kr\ue4mer Helmut
- Kr\ufcger Rejko
- Kraft Claudine
- Krainc Dimitri
- Kretz Remy Carole
- Krichevsky Anna M
- Kroemer Guido
- Krut Oleg
- Ktistakis Nicholas T
- Kuan Chia Yi
- Kucharczyk Roza
- Kumar Ashok
- Kumar Raj
- Kumar Sharad
- Kundu Mondira
- Kung Hsing Jien
- Kurz Tino
- Kwon Ho Jeong
- L\u151w Peter
- L\ue1szl\uf3 Lajos
- L\uf3pez Ot\uedn Carlos
- La Spada Albert R
- Lafont Frank
- Lamark Trond
- Landry Jacques
- Lane Jon D
- Lapaquette Pierre
- Laporte Jocelyn F
- Lavandero Sergio
- Lavoie Jos\ue9e N
- Layfield Robert
- Lazo Pedro A
- Le Cam Laurent
- Le Weidong
- Ledbetter Daniel J
- Lee Alvin J. X
- Lee Byung Wan
- Lee Gyun Min
- Lee Jongdae
- Lee Ju Hyun
- Lee Michael
- Lee Myung Shik
- Lee Sug Hyung
- Leeuwenburgh Christiaan
- Legembre Patrick
- Legouis Renaud
- Lehmann Michael
- Lei Huan Yao
- Lei Qun Ying
- Leib David A
- Leiro Jos\ue9
- Lemasters John J
- Lemoine Antoinette
- Lesniak Maciej S
- Lev Dina
- Levenson Victor V
- Levine Beth
- Levy Efrat
- Li Faqiang
- Li Jun Lin
- Li Lian
- Li Sheng
- Li Weijie
- Li Xue Jun
- Li Yan bo
- Li Yi Ping
- Liang Chengyu
- Liang Qiangrong
- Liao Yung Feng
- Liberski Pawel P
- Lieberman Andrew
- Lim Hyunjung J
- Lim Kah Leong
- Lim Kyu
- Lin Chiou Feng
- Lin Fu Cheng
- Lin Jian
- Lin Jiandie D
- Lin Kui
- Lin Wan Wan
- Lin Weei Chin
- Lin Yi Ling
- Linden Rafael
- Lingor Paul
- Lippincott Schwartz Jennifer
- Lisanti Michael P
- Liton Paloma B
- Liu Bo
- Liu Chun Feng
- Liu Kaiyu
- Liu Leyuan
- Liu Qiong A
- Liu Wei
- Liu Young Chau
- Liu Yule
- Lockshin Richard A
- Lok Chun Nam
- Lonial Sagar
- Loos Benjamin
- Lopez Berestein Gabriel
- Lossi Laura
- Lotze Michael T
- Lu Binfeng
- Lu Bingwei
- Lu Bo
- Lu Zhen
- Luciano Fr\ue9d\ue9ric
- Lukacs Nicholas W
- Lund Anders H
- Lynch Day Melinda A
- M\ufcller Sylke
- M\ufcnger Karl
- M\ufcnz Christian
- Ma Yong
- Macian Fernando
- Mackeigan Jeff P
- Macleod Kay F
- Madeo Frank
- Maiuri Luigi
- Maiuri Maria Chiara
- Malagoli Davide
- Malicdan May Christine V
- Malorni Walter
- Man Na
- Mandelkow Eva Maria
- Manon St\ue9phen
- Manov Irena
- Mao Kai
- Mao Xiang
- Mao Zixu
- Marambaud Philippe
- Marazziti Daniela
- Marcel Yves L
- Marchbank Katie
- Marchetti Piero
- Marciniak Stefan J
- Marcondes Mateus
- Mardi Mohsen
- Marfe Gabriella
- Mari\uf1o Guillermo
- Markaki Maria
- Marten Mark R
- Martin Seamus J
- Martinand Mari Camille
- Martinet Wim
- Martinez Vicente Marta
- Masini Matilde
- Matarrese Paola
- Matsuo Saburo
- Matteoni Raffaele
- Mayer Andreas
- Mazure Nathalie M
- Mcconkey David J
- Mcconnell Melanie J
- Mcdermott Catherine
- Mcdonald Christine
- Mcinerney Gerald M
- Mckenna Sharon L
- Mclaughlin Bethann
- Mclean Pamela J
- Mcmaster Christopher R
- Mcquibban G. Angus
- Meijer Alfred J
- Meisler Miriam H
- Mel\ue9ndez Alicia
- Melia Thomas J
- Melino Gerry
- Mena Maria A
- Menendez Javier A
- Menna Barreto Rubem F. S
- Menon Manoj B
- Menzies Fiona M
- Mercer Carol A
- Merighi Adalberto
- Merry Diane E
- Meschini Stefania
- Meyer Christian G
- Meyer Thomas F
- Miao Chao Yu
- Miao Jun Ying
- Michels Paul A. M
- Michiels Carine
- Mijaljica Dalibor
- Milojkovic Ana
- Minucci Saverio
- Miracco Clelia
- Miranti Cindy K
- Mitroulis Ioannis
- Miyazawa Keisuke
- Mizushima Noboru
- Mograbi Baharia
- Mohseni Simin
- Molero Xavier
- Mollereau Bertrand
- Mollinedo Faustino
- Momoi Takashi
- Monastyrska Iryna
- Monick Martha M
- Monteiro Mervyn J
- Moore Michael N
- Mora Rodrigo
- Moreau Kevin
- Moreira Paula I
- Moriyasu Yuji
- Moscat Jorge
- Mostowy Serge
- Mottram Jeremy C
- Motyl Tomasz
- Moussa Charbel E. H
- Muller Sylviane
- Murphy Leon O
- Murphy Maureen E
- Musar\uf2 Antonio
- Mysorekar Indira
- N\ufcrnberger Thorsten
- Nagata Eiichiro
- Nagata Kazuhiro
- Nahimana Aimable
- Nair Usha
- Nakagawa Toshiyuki
- Nakahira Kiichi
- Nakano Hiroyasu
- Nakatogawa Hitoshi
- Nanjundan Meera
- Naqvi Naweed I
- Narendra Derek P
- Narita Masashi
- Navarro Miguel
- Nawrocki Steffan T
- Nazarko Taras Y
- Nemchenko Andriy
- Netea Mihai G
- Neufeld Thomas P
- Ney Paul A
- Nezis Ioannis P
- Nguyen Huu Phuc
- Nie Daotai
- Nishino Ichizo
- Nislow Corey
- Nixon Ralph A
- Noda Takeshi
- Noegel Angelika A
- Nogalska Anna
- Noguchi Satoru
- Notterpek Lucia
- Novak Ivana
- Nozaki Tomoyoshi
- Nukina Nobuyuki
- Nyfeler Beat
- Obara Keisuke
- Oberley Terry D
- Oddo Salvatore
- Ogawa Michinaga
- Ohashi Toya
- Okamoto Koji
- Oleinick Nancy L
- Oliver F. Javier
- Olsen Laura J
- Olsson Stefan
- Opota Onya
- Osborne Timothy F
- Ostrander Gary K
- Otsu Kinya
- Ou Jing hsiung James
- Ouimet Mireille
- Overholtzer Michael
- Ozpolat Bulent
- P\uf6ggeler Stefanie
- Paganetti Paolo
- Pagnini Ugo
- Pallet Nicolas
- Palmer Glen E
- Palumbo Camilla
- Pan Tianhong
- Panaretakis Theocharis
- Pandey Udai Bhan
- Papackova Zuzana
- Papassideri Issidora
- Paris Irmgard
- Park Junsoo
- Park Ohkmae K
- Parys Jan B
- Parzych Katherine R
- Patschan Susann
- Patterson Cam
- Pattingre Sophie
- Pawelek John M
- Peng Jianxin
- Perlmutter David H
- Perrotta Ida
- Perry George
- Pervaiz Shazib
- Peter Matthias
- Peters Godefridus J
- Petersen Morten
- Petrovski Goran
- Phang James M
- Piacentini Mauro
- Pierre Philippe
- Pierrefite Carle Val\ue9rie
- Pierron G\ue9rard
- Pinkas Kramarski Ronit
- Piras Antonio
- Piri Natik
- Platanias Leonidas C
- Po\ufcs Christian
- Poirot Marc
- Poletti Angelo
- Pozuelo Rubio Mercedes
- Pr\ue6torius Ibba Mette
- Prasad Anil
- Prescott Mark
- Priault Muriel
- Produit Zengaffinen Nathalie
- Progulske Fox Ann
- Proikas Cezanne Tassula
- Przedborski Serge
- Przyklenk Karin
- Puertollano Rosa
- Puyal Julien
- Qian Shu Bing
- Qin Liang
- Qin Zheng Hong
- Quaggin Susan E
- R\ue9gnier Vigouroux Anne
- Raben Nina
- Rabinowich Hannah
- Rabkin Simon W
- Rahman Irfan
- Rami Abdelhaq
- Ramm Georg
- Randall Glenn
- Randow Felix
- Rao V. Ashutosh
- Rathmell Jeffrey C
- Ravikumar Brinda
- Ray Swapan K
- Reed Bruce H
- Reed John C
- Reggiori Fulvio
- Reichert Andreas S
- Reiners John J
- Reiter Russel J
- Ren Jun
- Revuelta Jos\ue9 L
- Rhodes Christopher J
- Ritis Konstantinos
- Rizzo Elizete
- Robbins Jeffrey
- Roberge Michel
- Roca Hernan
- Roccheri Maria C
- Rocchi Stephane
- Rodemann H. Peter
- Rodr\uedguez de C\uf3rdoba Santiago
- Rohrer B\ue4rbel
- Roninson Igor B
- Rosen Kirill
- Rost Roszkowska Magdalena M
- Rouis Mustapha
- Rouschop Kasper M. A
- Rovetta Francesca
- Rubin Brian P
- Rubinsztein David C
- Ruckdeschel Klaus
- Rucker Edmund B
- Rudich Assaf
- Rudolf Emil
- Ruiz Opazo Nelson
- Russo Rossella
- Rusten Tor Erik
- Ryan Kevin M
- Ryter Stefan W
- S\ue1nchez Alc\ue1zar Jos\ue9 A
- S\ue1nchez Prieto Ricardo
- Sabatini David M
- Sadoshima Junichi
- Saha Tapas
- Saitoh Tatsuya
- Sakagami Hiroshi
- Sakai Yasuyoshi
- Salekdeh Ghasem Hoseini
- Salomoni Paolo
- Salvaterra Paul M
- Salvesen Guy
- Salvioli Rosa
- Sanchez Anthony M. J
- Sandri Marco
- Sankar Uma
- Sansanwal Poonam
- Santambrogio Laura
- Saran Shweta
- Sarkar Sovan
- Sarwal Minnie
- Sasakawa Chihiro
- Sasnauskiene Ausra
- Sass Mikl\uf3s
- Sato Ken
- Sato Miyuki
- Sch\ue4tzl Hermann M
- Sch\ufcller Christoph
- Schapira Anthony H. V
- Scharl Michael
- Scheper Wiep
- Schiaffino Stefano
- Schneider Stock Regine
- SCHNEIDER Claudio
- Schneider Marion E
- Schoenlein Patricia V
- Schorderet Daniel F
- Schwartz Gary K
- Scorrano Luca
- Sealy Linda
- Seglen Per O
- Segura Aguilar Juan
- Seiliez Iban
- Seleverstov Oleksandr
- Sell Christian
- Seo Jong Bok
- Separovic Duska
- Setaluri Vijayasaradhi
- Setoguchi Takao
- Settembre Carmine
- Shacka John J
- Shanmugam Mala
- Shapiro Irving M
- Shaulian Eitan
- Shaw Reuben J
- Shelhamer James H
- Shen Han Ming
- Shen Wei Chiang
- Sheng Zu Hang
- Shi Yang
- Shibuya Kenichi
- Shidoji Yoshihiro
- Shieh Jeng Jer
- Shih Chwen Ming
- Shimada Yohta
- Shimizu Shigeomi
- Shintani Takahiro
- Shirihai Orian S
- Shore Gordon C
- Sibirny Andriy A
- Sidhu Stan B
- Sikorska Beata
- Silva Zacarin Elaine
- Silva Zacarin Elaine C. M
- Simmons Alison
- Simon Anna Katharina
- Simon Hans Uwe
- Simone Cristiano
- Simonsen Anne
- Sinclair David A
- Singh Rajat
- Sinha Debasish
- Sinicrope Frank A
- Sirko Agnieszka
- Siu Parco M
- Sivridis Efthimios
- Skop Vojtech
- Skulachev Vladimir P
- Slack Ruth S
- Smaili Soraya S
- Smith Duncan R
- Soengas Maria S
- Soldati Thierry
- Song Xueqin
- Sood Anil K
- Soong Tuck Wah
- Sotgia Federica
- Spector Stephen A
- Spies Claudia D
- Springer Wolfdieter
- Srinivasula Srinivasa M
- Stefanis Leonidas
- Steffan Joan S
- Stendel Ruediger
- Stenmark Harald
- Stephanou Anastasis
- Stern Stephan T
- Sternberg Cinthya
- Stork Bj\uf6rn
- Str\ue5lfors Peter
- Subauste Carlos S
- Sui Xinbing
- Sulzer David
- Sun Jiaren
- Sun Shi Yong
- Sun Zhi Jun
- Sung Joseph J. Y
- Suzuki Kuninori
- Suzuki Toshihiko
- Swanson Michele S
- Swanton Charles
- Sweeney Sean T
- Sy Lai King
- Szabadkai Gyorgy
- T\uf6nges Lars
- Tabas Ira
- Taegtmeyer Heinrich
- Tafani Marco
- Tak\ue1cs Vellai Krisztina
- Takano Yoshitaka
- Takegawa Kaoru
- Takemura Genzou
- Takeshita Fumihiko
- Talbot Nicholas J
- Tan Kevin S. W
- Tanaka Keiji
- Tanaka Kozo
- Tang Daolin
- Tang Dingzhong
- Tanida Isei
- Tannous Bakhos A
- Tavernarakis Nektarios
- Taylor Graham S
- Taylor Gregory A
- Taylor J. Paul
- Terada Lance S
- Terman Alexei
- Tettamanti Gianluca
- Thevissen Karin
- Thompson Craig B
- Thorburn Andrew
- Thumm Michael
- Tian Fengfeng
- Tian Yuan
- Tocchini Valentini Glauco
- Tolkovsky Aviva M
- Tomino Yasuhiko
- Tooze Sharon A
- Tournier Cathy
- Tower John
- Towns Roberto
- Trajkovic Vladimir
- Travassos Leonardo H
- Tsai Ting Fen
- Tschan Mario P
- Tsubata Takeshi
- Tsung Allan
- Turk Boris
- Turner Lorianne S
- Tyagi Suresh C
- Uchiyama Yasuo
- Ueno Takashi
- Umekawa Midori
- Umemiya Shirafuji Rika
- Unni Vivek K
- Vaccaro Maria I
- Valente Enza Maria
- Van den Berghe Greet
- van der Klei Ida J
- van Doorn Wouter
- van Dyk Linda F
- van Egmond Marjolein
- van Grunsven Leo A
- Vandenabeele Peter
- Vandenberghe Wim P
- Vanhorebeek Ilse
- Vaquero Eva C
- Velasco Guillermo
- Vellai Tibor
- Vicencio Jose Miguel
- Vierstra Richard D
- Vila Miquel
- Vindis C\ue9cile
- Viola Giampietro
- Viscomi Maria Teresa
- Voitsekhovskaja Olga V
- von Haefen Clarissa
- Votruba Marcela
- Wada Keiji
- Wade Martins Richard
- Walker Cheryl L
- Walsh Craig M
- Walter Jochen
- Wan Xiang Bo
- Wang Aimin
- Wang Chenguang
- Wang Dawei
- Wang Fan
- Wang Fen
- Wang Guanghui
- Wang Haichao
- Wang Hong Gang
- Wang Horng Dar
- Wang Jin
- Wang Ke
- Wang Mei
- Wang Richard C
- Wang Xinglong
- Wang Xuejun
- Wang Ying Jan
- Wang Yipeng
- Wang Zhen
- Wang Zhigang Charles
- Wang Zhinong
- Wansink Derick G
- Ward Diane M
- Watada Hirotaka
- Waters Sarah L
- Webster Paul
- Wei Lixin
- Weihl Conrad C
- Weiss William A
- Welford Scott M
- Wen Long Ping
- Whitehouse Caroline A
- Whitton J. Lindsay
- Whitworth Alexander J
- Wileman Tom
- Wiley John W
- Wilkinson Simon
- Willbold Dieter
- Williams Roger L
- Williamson Peter R
- Wouters Bradly G
- Wu Chenghan
- Wu Dao Cheng
- Wu William K. K
- Wyttenbach Andreas
- Xavier Ramnik J
- Xi Zhijun
- Xia Pu
- Xiao Gengfu
- Xie Zhiping
- Xie Zhonglin
- Xu Da zhi
- Xu Jianzhen
- Xu Liang
- Xu Xiaolei
- Yamamoto Ai
- Yamamoto Akitsugu
- Yamashina Shunhei
- Yamashita Michiaki
- Yan Xianghua
- Yanagida Mitsuhiro
- Yang Dun Sheng
- Yang Elizabeth
- Yang Jin Ming
- Yang Shi Yu
- Yang Wannian
- Yang Wei Yuan
- Yang Zhifen
- Yao Meng Chao
- Yao Tso Pang
- Yeganeh Behzad
- Yen Wei Lien
- Yin Jia jing
- Yin Xiao Ming
- Yoo Ook Joon
- Yoon Gyesoon
- Yoon Seung Yong
- Yorimitsu Tomohiro
- Yoshikawa Yuko
- Yoshimori Tamotsu
- Yoshimoto Kohki
- You Ho Jin
- Youle Richard J
- Younes Anas
- Yu Li
- Yu Long
- Yu Seong Woon
- Yu Wai Haung
- Yuan Zhi Min
- Yue Zhenyu
- Yun Cheol Heui
- Yuzaki Michisuke
- Zabirnyk Olga
- Zacks David
- Zacksenhaus Eldad
- Zaffaroni Nadia
- Zakeri Zahra
- Zeh Herbert J
- Zeitlin Scott O
- Zhang Hong
- Zhang Hui Ling
- Zhang Jianhua
- Zhang Jing Pu
- Zhang Lin
- Zhang Long
- Zhang Ming Yong
- Zhang Xu Dong
- Zhao Mantong
- Zhao Yi Fang
- Zhao Ying
- Zhao Zhizhuang J
- Zheng Xiaoxiang
- Zhivotovsky Boris
- Zhong Qing
- Zhou Cong Zhao
- Zhu Changlian
- Zhu Wei Guo
- Zhu Xiao Feng
- Zhu Xiongwei
- Zhu Yuangang
- Zoladek Teresa
- Zong Wei Xing
- Zorzano Antonio
- Zschocke J\ufcrgen
- Zuckerbraun Brian
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/01/2012
- Field of study
In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- Author
- Abdalla Fabio C.
- Abeliovich Hagai
- Abraham Robert T.
- Acevedo-Arozena Abraham
- Adeli Khosrow
- Agholme Lotta
- Agnello Maria
- Agostinis Patrizia
- Aguirre-Ghiso Julio A.
- Ahn Hyung Jun
- Ait-Mohamed Ouardia
- Ait-Si-Ali Slimane
- Akematsu Takahiko
- Akira Shizuo
- Al-Younes Hesham M.
- Al-Zeer Munir A.
- Albert Matthew L.
- Albin Roger L.
- Alegre-Abarrategui Javier
- Aleo Maria Francesca
- Alirezaei Mehrdad
- Almasan Alexandru
- Almonte-Becerril Maylin
- Amano Atsuo
- Amaravadi Ravi K.
- Amarnath Shoba
- Amer Amal O.
- Anantharam Vellareddy
- Andrieu-Abadie Nathalie
- Ann David K.
- Anoopkumar-Dukie Shailendra
- Aoki Hiroshi
- Apostolova Nadezda
- Arancia Giuseppe
- Aris John P.
- Asanuma Katsuhiko
- Asare Nana Y.O.
- Ashida Hisashi
- Askanas Valerie
- Askew David S
- Auberger Patrick
- Baba Misuzu
- Backues Steven K.
- Baehrecke Eric H.
- Bahr Ben A.
- Bai Xue-Yuan
- Bailly Yannick
- Baiocchi Robert
- Baldini Giulia
- Balduini Walter
- Ballabio Andrea
- Bamber Bruce A.
- Bampton Edward T.W.
- Bartholomew Clinton R.
- Bassham Diane C.
- Bast Robert C.
- Batoko Henri
- Bay Boon-Huat
- Beau Isabelle
- Begley Thomas J.
- Behl Christian
- Behrends Christian
- Bekri Soumeya
- Bellaire Bryan
- Bendall Linda J.
- Benetti Luca
- Berliocchi Laura
- Bernardi Henri
- Bernassola Francesca
- Besteiro Sébastien
- Bhatia-Kiššová Ingrid
- Bi Xiaoning
- Biard-Piechaczyk Martine
- Blum Janice S.
- Boise Lawrence H.
- Bonaldo Paolo
- Boone David L
- Bornhauser Beat C.
- Bortoluci Karina R.
- Bossis Ioannis
- Bost Frédéric
- Bourquin Jean-Pierre
- Boya Patricia
- Boyer-Guittaut Michaël
- Bozhkov Peter V.
- Brady Nathan R
- Brancolini Claudio
- Brech Andreas
- Brenman Jay E.
- Brennand Ana
- Bresnick Emery H.
- Brest Patrick
- Bridges Dave
- Bristol Molly L.
- Brookes Paul S.
- Brown Eric J.
- Brumell John H.
- Brunetti-Pierri Nicola
- Brunk Ulf T.
- Bulman Dennis E.
- Bultman Scott J.
- Bultynck Geert
- Burbulla Lena F.
- Bursch Wilfried
- Butchar Jonathan P.
- Buzgariu Wanda
- Bydlowski Sergio P.
- Béchet Daniel M.
- Cadwell Ken
- Cahová Monika
- Cai Dongsheng
- Cai Jiyang
- Cai Qian
- Calabretta Bruno
- Calvo-Garrido Javier
- Camougrand Nadine
- Campanella Michelangelo
- Campos-Salinas Jenny
- Candi Eleonora
- Cao Lizhi
- Caplan Allan B.
- Carding Simon R.
- Cardoso Sandra M.
- Carew Jennifer S.
- Carlin Cathleen R.
- Carmignac Virginie
- Carneiro Leticia A.M.
- Carra Serena
- Caruso Rosario A.
- Casari Giorgio
- Casas Caty
- Castino Roberta
- Cebollero Eduardo
- Cecconi Francesco
- Celli Jean
- Chaachouay Hassan
- Chae Han-Jung
- Chai Chee-Yin
- Chan David C.
- Chan Edmond Y.
- Chang Raymond Chuen-Chung
- Che Chi-Ming
- Chen Ching-Chow
- Chen Guang-Chao
- Chen Guo-Qiang
- Chen Min
- Chen Quan
- Chen Steve S.-L.
- Chen WenLi
- Chen Xi
- Chen Xiangmei
- Chen Xiequn
- Chen Ye-Guang
- Chen Yingyu
- Chen Yongqiang
- Chen Yu-Jen
- Chen Zhixiang
- Cheng Alan
- Cheng Christopher H.K.
- Cheng Yan
- Cheong Heesun
- Cheong Jae-Ho
- Cherry Sara
- Chess-Williams Russ
- Cheung Zelda H.
- Chevet Eric
- Chiang Hui-Ling
- Chiarelli Roberto
- Chiba Tomoki
- Chin Lih-Shen
- Chiou Shih-Hwa
- Chisari Francis V.
- Cho Chi Hin
- Cho Dong-Hyung
- Choi Augustine MK
- Choi DooSeok
- Choi Kyeong Sook
- Choi Mary E.
- Chouaib Salem
- Choubey Divaker
- Choubey Vinay
- Chu Charleen T
- Chuang Tsung-Hsien
- Chueh Sheau-Huei
- Chun Taehoon
- Chwae Yong-Joon
- Chye Mee-Len
- Ciarcia Roberto
- Ciriolo Maria R.
- Clague Michael J.
- Clark Robert S.B.
- Clarke Peter G.H.
- Clarke Robert B
- Codogno Patrice
- Coller Hilary A.
- Colombo María I.
- Comincini Sergio
- Condello Maria
- Condorelli Fabrizio
- Cookson Mark R.
- Coombs Graham H
- Coppens Isabelle
- Corbalan Ramon
- Cossart Pascale
- Costelli Paola
- Costes Safia
- Coto-Montes Ana
- Couve Eduardo
- Coxon Fraser P.
- Cregg James M.
- Crespo José L.
- Cronjé Marianne J.
- Cuervo Ana Maria
- Cullen Joseph J.
- Czaja Mark J.
- D'Amelio Marcello
- Darfeuille-Michaud Arlette
- Davids Lester M.
- Davies Faith E.
- De Felici Massimo
- de Groot John F.
- de Haan Cornelis A.M.
- De Martino Luisa
- De Milito Angelo
- De Tata Vincenzo
- Debnath Jayanta
- Degterev Alexei
- Dehay Benjamin
- Delbridge Lea M.D.
- Demarchi Francesca
- Deng Yi Zhen
- Dengjel Jörn
- Dent Paul
- Denton Donna
- Deretic Vojo
- Desai Shyamal D.
- Devenish Rodney J.
- Di Gioacchino Mario
- Di Paolo Gilbert
- Di Pietro Chiara
- Diaz-Meco Maria T.
- Diaz-Nido Javier
- Dikic Ivan
- Dinesh-Kumar Savithramma P.
- Ding Wen-Xing
- Distelhorst Clark W.
- Diwan Abhinav
- Djavaheri-Mergny Mojgan
- Dokudovskaya Svetlana
- Dong Zheng
- Dorsey Frank C.
- Dosenko Victor
- Dowling James J.
- Doxsey Stephen
- Dreux Marlène
- Drew Mark E.
- Duan Qiuhong
- Duchosal Michel A
- Duff Karen E.
- Dugail Isabelle
- Durbeej Madeleine
- Duszenko Michael
- Díaz-Araya Guillermo
- Díaz-Laviada Inés
- Edelstein Charles L.
- Edinger Aimee L.
- Egea Gustavo
- Eichinger Ludwig
- Eissa N. Tony
- Ekmekcioglu Suhendan
- El-Deiry Wafik S.
- Elazar Zvulun
- Elgendy Mohamed
- Ellerby Lisa M.
- Eng Kai Er
- Engelbrecht Anna-Mart
- Engelender Simone
- Erenpreisa Jekaterina
- Escalante Ricardo
- Esclatine Audrey
- Eskelinen Eeva-Liisa
- Espert Lucile
- Espina Virginia
- Fan Huizhou
- Fan Jia
- Fan Qi-Wen
- Fan Zhen
- Fang Shengyun
- Fang Yongqi
- Fanto Manolis
- Fanzani Alessandro
- Farkas Thomas
- Farre Jean-Claude
- Faure Mathias
- Fechheimer Marcus
- Feng Carl G.
- Feng Jian
- Feng Qili
- Feng Youji
- Feuer Ralph
- Figueiredo-Pereira Maria E.
- Fimia Gian Maria
- Fingar Diane C.
- Finkbeiner Steven
- Finkel Toren
- Finley Kim D.
- Fiorito Filomena
- Fisher Edward A.
- Fisher Paul B.
- Flajolet Marc
- Flores Juan B. Kouri
- Florez-McClure Maria L.
- Florio Salvatore
- Fon Edward A
- Fornai Francesco
- Fortunato Franco
- Fotedar Rati
- Fowler Daniel H.
- Fox Howard S.
- Franco Rodrigo
- Frankel Lisa B.
- Fransen Marc
- Fuentes José M.
- Fueyo Juan
- Fujii Jun
- Fujisaki Kozo
- Fujita Eriko
- Fukuda Mitsunori
- Furukawa Ruth H.
- Fésüs László
- Gaestel Matthias
- Gailly Philippe
- Gajewska Malgorzata
- Galliot Brigitte
- Galy Vincent
- Ganesh Subramaniam
- Ganetzky Barry
- Ganley Ian G.
- Gao Fen-Biao
- Gao George F.
- Gao Jinming
- Garcia Lorena
- Garcia-Manero Guillermo
- Garcia-Marcos Mikel
- Garmyn Marjan
- Gartel Andrei L.
- Gatti Evelina
- Gautel Mathias
- Gawriluk Thomas R.
- Gegg Matthew E.
- Geng Jiefei
- Germain Marc
- Gestwicki Jason E.
- Gewirtz David A
- Ghavami Saeid
- Ghosh Pradipta
- Giammarioli Anna M.
- Giatromanolaki Alexandra N.
- Gibson Spencer B.
- Gilkerson Robert W.
- Ginger Michael L.
- Ginsberg Henry N.
- Golab Jakub
- Goligorsky Michael S.
- Golstein Pierre
- Gomez-Manzano Candelaria
- Goncu Ebru
- Gongora Céline
- Gonzalez Claudio D.
- Gonzalez Ramon
- Gonzalez-Rey Elena
- González-Estévez Cristina
- González-Polo Rosa Ana
- Gorbunov Nikolai V.
- Gorski Sharon
- Goruppi Sandro
- Gottlieb Roberta A
- Gozuacik Devrim
- Granato Giovanna Elvira
- Grant Gary D.
- Green Kim N.
- Gregorc Ales
- Gros Frédéric
- Grose Charles
- Grunt Thomas W.
- Gual Philippe
- Guan Jun-Lin
- Guan Kun-Liang
- Guichard Sylvie M.
- Gukovskaya Anna S.
- Gukovsky Ilya
- Gunst Jan
- Gustafsson Åsa B.
- Halayko Andrew J.
- Hale Amber N.
- Halonen Sandra K.
- Hamasaki Maho
- Han Feng
- Han Ting
- Hancock Michael K.
- Hansen Malene
- Harada Hisashi
- Harada Masaru
- Hardt Stefan E.
- Harper J. Wade
- Harris Adrian L.
- Harris James
- Harris Steven D.
- Hashimoto Makoto
- Haspel Jeffrey A.
- Hayashi Shin-ichiro
- Hazelhurst Lori A.
- He Congcong
- He You-Wen
- Heidenreich Kim A.
- Helfrich Miep H.
- Helgason Gudmundur V.
- Henske Elizabeth P.
- Herman Brian
- Herman Paul K.
- Hetz Claudio
- Hilfiker Sabine
- Hill Joseph A
- Hocking Lynne J.
- Hofman Paul
- Hofmann Thomas G.
- Holyoake Tessa L.
- Hong Ming-Huang
- Hood David A.
- Hotamisligil Gökhan S.
- Houwerzijl Ewout J.
- Hu Bingren
- Hu Chien-an A.
- Hu Hong-Ming
- Hua Ya
- Huang Canhua
- Huang Ju
- Huang Shengbing
- Huang Wei-Pang
- Huber Tobias B.
- Huh Won-Ki
- Hung Tai-Ho
- Hupp Ted R.
- Hur Gang Min
- Hurley James B.
- Hussain Sabah N.A.
- Hussey Patrick J.
- Hwang Jung Jin
- Hwang Seungmin
- Hébert Marie-Josée
- Höhfeld Jörg
- Høyer-Hansen Maria
- Ichihara Atsuhiro
- Ilkhanizadeh Shirin
- Inoki Ken
- Into Takeshi
- Iovane Valentina
- Iovanna Juan L.
- Ip Nancy Y.
- Isaka Yoshitaka
- Ishida Hiroyuki
- Isidoro Ciro
- Isobe Ken-ichi
- Iwasaki Akiko
- Izquierdo Marta
- Izumi Yotaro
- Jaakkola Panu M.
- Jackson George R.
- Jackson William T.
- Janji Bassam
- Jendrach Marina
- Jeon Ju-Hong
- Jeung Eui-Bae
- Jiang Hong
- Jiang Hongchi
- Jiang Jean X.
- Jiang Ming
- Jiang Qing
- Jiang Xuejun
- Jiménez Alberto
- Jin Meiyan
- Jin Shengkan V.
- Joe Cheol O.
- Johansen Terje
- Johnson Daniel E.
- Johnson Gail V.W.
- Jones Nicola L.
- Joseph Bertrand
- Joseph Suresh K.
- Joubert Annie M.
- Juhász Gábor
- Juillerat-Jeanneret Lucienne
- Jung Chang Hwa
- Jung Yong-Keun
- Jäättelä Marja
- Kaarniranta Kai
- Kaasik Allen
- Kabuta Tomohiro
- Kadowaki Motoni
- Kamada Yoshiaki
- Kaminskyy Vitaliy O.
- Kampinga Harm H.
- Kanamori Hiromitsu
- Kang Chanhee
- Kang Khong Bee
- Kang Kwang Il
- Kang Rui
- Kang Yoon-A
- Kanki Tomotake
- Kanneganti Thirumala-Devi
- Kanno Haruo
- Kanthasamy Anumantha G.
- Kanthasamy Arthi
- Karantza Vassiliki
- Kaushal Gur P.
- Kaushik Susmita
- Kawazoe Yoshinori
- Ke Po-Yuan
- Kehrl John H.
- Kelekar Ameeta
- Kerkhoff Claus
- Kessel David H.
- Khalil Hany
- Kiel Jan A.K.W.
- Kiger Amy A.
- Kihara Akio
- Kim Deok Ryong
- Kim Do-Hyung
- Kim Dong-Hou
- Kim Eun-Kyoung
- Kim Hyung-Ryong
- Kim Jae-Sung
- Kim Jeong Hun
- Kim Jin Cheon
- Kim John K.
- Kim Peter K.
- Kim Seong Who
- Kim Yong-Sun
- Kim Yonghyun
- Kimchi Adi
- Kimmelman Alec C.
- King Jason S.
- Kinsella Timothy J.
- Kirkin Vladimir
- Kirshenbaum Lorrie A.
- Kitamoto Katsuhiko
- Kitazato Kaio
- Klein Ludger
- Klimecki Walter T.
- Klionsky Daniel J
- Klucken Jochen
- Knecht Erwin
- Ko Ben C.B.
- Koch Jan C.
- Koga Hiroshi
- Koh Jae-Young
- Koh Young Ho
- Koike Masato
- Komatsu Masaaki
- Kominami Eiki
- Kong Hee Jeong
- Kong Wei-Jia
- Korolchuk Viktor I.
- Kotake Yaichiro
- Koukourakis Michael I.
- Kovács Attila L
- Kraft Claudine
- Krainc Dimitri
- Kretz-Remy Carole
- Krichevsky Anna M.
- Kroemer Guido
- Krut Oleg
- Krämer Helmut
- Krüger Rejko
- Ktistakis Nicholas T.
- Kuan Chia-Yi
- Kucharczyk Roza
- Kumar Ashok
- Kumar Raj
- Kumar Sharad
- Kundu Mondira
- Kung Hsing-Jien
- Kurz Tino
- Kwon Ho Jeong
- Kågedal Katarina
- La Spada Albert R.
- Lafont Frank
- Lamark Trond
- Landry Jacques
- Lane Jon D.
- Lapaquette Pierre
- Laporte Jocelyn F.
- Lavandero Sergio
- Lavoie Josée N.
- Layfield Robert
- Lazo Pedro A.
- Le Cam Laurent
- Le Weidong
- Ledbetter Daniel J.
- Lee Alvin J.X.
- Lee Byung-Wan
- Lee Gyun Min
- Lee Jongdae
- lee Ju-hyun
- Lee Michael
- Lee Myung-Shik
- Lee Sug Hyung
- Leeuwenburgh Christiaan
- Legembre Patrick
- Legouis Renaud
- Lehmann Michael
- Lei Huan-Yao
- Lei Qun-Ying
- Leib David A.
- Leiro José
- Lemasters John J.
- Lemoine Antoinette
- Lesniak Maciej S.
- Lev Dina
- Levenson Victor V.
- Levine Beth
- Levy Efrat
- Li Faqiang
- Li Jun-Lin
- Li Lian
- Li Sheng
- Li Weijie
- Li Xue-Jun
- Li Yan-Bo
- Li Yi-Ping
- Liang Chengyu
- Liang Qiangrong
- Liao Yung-Feng
- Liberski Pawel P.
- Lieberman Andrew
- Lim Hyunjung J.
- Lim Kah-Leong
- Lim Kyu
- Lin Chiou-Feng
- Lin Fu-Cheng
- Lin Jian
- Lin Jiandie D.
- Lin Kui
- Lin Wan-Wan
- Lin Weei-Chin
- Lin Yi-Ling
- Linden Rafael
- Lingor Paul
- Lippincott-Schwartz Jennifer
- Lisanti Michael P.
- Liton Paloma B.
- Liu Bo
- Liu Chun-Feng
- Liu Kaiyu
- Liu Leyuan
- Liu Qiong A.
- Liu Wei
- Liu Young-Chau
- Liu Yule
- Lockshin Richard A.
- Lok Chun-Nam
- Lonial Sagar
- Loos Benjamin
- Lopez-Berestein Gabriel
- Lossi Laura
- Lotze Michael T.
- Low Peter
- Lu Binfeng
- Lu Bingwei
- Lu Bo
- Lu Zhen
- Luciano Fréderic
- Lukacs Nicholas W.
- Lund Anders H.
- Lynch-Day Melinda A.
- László Lajos
- López-Otín Carlos
- Ma Yong
- Macian Fernando
- MacKeigan Jeff P.
- Macleod Kay F.
- Madeo Frank
- Maiuri Luigi
- Maiuri Maria Chiara
- Malagoli Davide
- Malicdan May Christine V.
- Malorni Walter
- Man Na
- Mandelkow Eva-Maria
- Manon Stephen
- Manov Irena
- Mao Kai
- Mao Xiang
- Mao Zixu
- Marambaud Philippe
- Marazziti Daniela
- Marcel Yves L.
- Marchbank Katie
- Marchetti Piero
- Marciniak Stefan J.
- Marcondes Mateus
- Mardi Mohsen
- Marfe Gabriella
- Mariño Guillermo
- Markaki Maria
- Marten Mark R.
- Martin Seamus J.
- Martinand-Mari Camille
- Martinet Wim
- Martinez-Vicente Marta
- Masini Matilde
- Matarrese Paola
- Matsuo Saburo
- Matteoni Raffaele
- Mayer Andreas
- Mazure Nathalie M.
- McConkey David J.
- McConnell Melanie J.
- McDermott Catherine
- McDonald Christine
- McInerney Gerald M.
- McKenna Sharon L.
- McLaughlin BethAnn
- McLean Pamela J.
- McMaster Christopher R.
- McQuibban G. Angus
- Meijer Alfred J.
- Meisler Miriam H.
- Melia Thomas J.
- Melino Gerry
- Meléndez Alicia
- Mena Maria A.
- Menendez Javier A.
- Menna-Barreto Rubem F. S.
- Menon Manoj B.
- Menzies Fiona M.
- Mercer Carol A.
- Merighi Adalberto
- Merry Diane E.
- Meschini Stefania
- Meyer Christian G.
- Meyer Thomas F.
- Miao Chao-Yu
- Miao Jun-Ying
- Michels Paul A.M.
- Michiels Carine
- Mijaljica Dalibor
- Milojkovic Ana
- Minucci Saverio
- Miracco Clelia
- Miranti Cindy K.
- Mitroulis Ioannis
- Miyazawa Keisuke
- Mizushima Noboru
- Mograbi Baharia
- Mohseni Simin
- Molero Xavier
- Mollereau Bertrand
- Mollinedo Faustino
- Momoi Takashi
- Monastyrska Iryna
- Monick Martha M.
- Monteiro Mervyn J.
- Moore Michael N.
- Mora Rodrigo
- Moreau Kevin
- Moreira Paula I.
- Moriyasu Yuji
- Moscat Jorge
- Mostowy Serge
- Mottram Jeremy C
- Motyl Tomasz
- Moussa Charbel E.-H.
- Muller Sylviane
- Murphy Leon O.
- Murphy Maureen E.
- Musarò Antonio
- Mysorekar Indira
- Müller Sylke
- Münger Karl
- Münz Christian
- Nagata Eiichiro
- Nagata Kazuhiro
- Nahimana Aimable
- Nair Usha
- Nakagawa Toshiyuki
- Nakahira Kiichi
- Nakano Hiroyasu
- Nakatogawa Hitoshi
- Nanjundan Meera
- Naqvi Naweed I
- Narendra Derek P.
- Narita Masashi
- Navarro Miguel
- Nawrocki Steffan T.
- Nazarko Taras Y.
- Nemchenko Andriy
- Netea Mihai G.
- Neufeld Thomas P.
- Ney Paul A.
- Nezis Ioannis P.
- Nguyen Huu Phuc
- Nie Daotai
- Nishino Ichizo
- Nislow Corey
- Nixon Ralph A.
- Noda Takeshi
- Noegel Angelika A.
- Nogalska Anna
- Noguchi Satoru
- Notterpek Lucia
- Novak Ivana
- Nozaki Tomoyoshi
- Nukina Nobuyuki
- Nyfeler Beat
- Nürnberger Thorsten
- Obara Keisuke
- Oberley Terry D.
- Oddo Salvatore
- Ogawa Michinaga
- Ohashi Toya
- Okamoto Koji
- Oleinick Nancy L.
- Oliver F. Javier
- Olsen Laura J.
- Olsson Stefan
- Opota Onya
- Osborne Timothy F.
- Ostrander Gary K.
- Otsu Kinya
- Ou Jing-hsiung James
- Ouimet Mireille
- Overholtzer Michael
- Ozpolat Bulent
- Paganetti Paolo
- Pagnini Ugo
- Pallet Nicolas
- Palmer Glen E.
- Palumbo Camilla
- Pan Tianhong
- Panaretakis Theocharis
- Pandey Udai Bhan
- Papackova Zuzana
- Papassideri Issidora
- Paris Irmgard
- Park Junsoo
- Park Ohkmae K.
- Parys Jan B.
- Parzych Katherine R.
- Patschan Susann
- Patterson Cam
- Pattingre Sophie
- Pawelek John M.
- Peng Jianxin
- Perlmutter David H.
- Perrotta Ida
- Perry George
- Pervaiz Shazib
- Peter Matthias
- Peters Godefridus J.
- Petersen Morten
- Petrovski Goran
- Phang James M.
- Piacentini Mauro
- Pierre Philippe
- Pierrefite-Carle Valérie
- Pierron Gérard
- Pinkas-Kramarski Ronit
- Piras Antonio
- Piri Natik
- Platanias Leonidas C.
- Poirot Marc
- Poletti Angelo
- Pozuelo-Rubio Mercedes
- Poüs Christian
- Prasad Anil
- Prescott Mark
- Priault Muriel
- Produit-Zengaffinen Nathalie
- Progulske-Fox Ann
- Proikas-Cezanne Tassula
- Przedborski Serge
- Przyklenk Karin
- Prætorius-Ibba Mette
- Puertollano Rosa
- Puyal Julien
- Pöggeler Stefanie
- Qian Shu-Bing
- Qin Liang
- Qin Zheng-Hong
- Quaggin Susan E.
- Raben Nina
- Rabinowich Hannah
- Rabkin Simon W.
- Rahman Irfan
- Rami Abdelhaq
- Ramm Georg
- Randall Glenn
- Randow Felix
- Rao V. Ashutosh
- Rathmell Jeffrey C.
- Ravikumar Brinda
- Ray Swapan K.
- Reed Bruce H.
- Reed John C.
- Reggiori Fulvio
- Reichert Andreas S.
- Reiners Jr., John J.
- Reiter Russel J.
- Ren Jun
- Revuelta José L.
- Rhodes Christopher J.
- Ritis Konstantinos
- Rizzo Elizete
- Robbins Jeffrey
- Roberge Michel
- Roca Hernan
- Roccheri Maria C.
- Rocchi Stephane
- Rodemann H. Peter
- Rodríguez de Córdoba Santiago
- Rohrer Bärbel
- Roninson Igor B.
- Rosen Kirill
- Rost-Roszkowska Magdalena M.
- Rouis Mustapha
- Rouschop Kasper M.A.
- Rovetta Francesca
- Rubin Brian P.
- Rubinsztein David C
- Ruckdeschel Klaus
- Rucker Edmund B.
- Rudich Assaf
- Rudolf Emil
- Ruiz-Opazo Nelson
- Russo Rossella
- Rusten Tor Erik
- Ryan Kevin M.
- Ryter Stefan W
- Régnier-Vigouroux Anne
- Sabatini David M.
- Sadoshima Junichi
- Saha Tapas
- Saitoh Tatsuya
- Sakagami Hiroshi
- Sakai Yasuyoshi
- Salekdeh Ghasem Hoseini
- Salomoni Paolo
- Salvaterra Paul M.
- Salvesen Guy
- Salvioli Rosa
- Sanchez Anthony M.J.
- Sandri Marco
- Sankar Uma
- Sansanwal Poonam
- Santambrogio Laura
- Saran Shweta
- Sarkar Sovan
- Sarwal Minnie
- Sasakawa Chihiro
- Sasnauskiene Ausra
- Sass Miklós
- Sato Ken
- Sato Miyuki
- Schapira Anthony H.V.
- Scharl Michael
- Scheper Wiep
- Schiaffino Stefano
- Schneider Claudio
- Schneider Marion E.
- Schneider-Stock Regine
- Schoenlein Patricia V.
- Schorderet Daniel F.
- Schwartz Gary K.
- Schätzl Hermann M.
- Schüller Christoph
- Scorrano Luca
- Sealy Linda
- Seglen Per O
- Segura-Aguilar Juan
- Seiliez Iban
- Seleverstov Oleksandr
- Sell Christian
- Seo Jong Bok
- Separovic Duska
- Setaluri Vijayasaradhi
- Setoguchi Takao
- Settembre Carmine
- Shacka John J.
- Shanmugam Mala
- Shapiro Irving M
- Shaulian Eitan
- Shaw Reuben J.
- Shelhamer James H.
- Shen Han-Ming
- Shen Wei-Chiang
- Sheng Zu-Hang
- Shi Yang
- Shibuya Kenichi
- Shidoji Yoshihiro
- Shieh Jeng-Jer
- Shih Chwen-Ming
- Shimada Yohta
- Shimizu Shigeomi
- Shintani Takahiro
- Shirihai Orian S.
- Shore Gordon C.
- Sibirny Andriy A.
- Sidhu Stan B.
- Sikorska Beata
- Silva-Zacarin Elaine
- Silva-Zacarin Elaine C.M.
- Simmons Alison
- Simon Anna Katharina
- Simon Hans-Uwe
- Simone Cristiano
- Simonsen Anne
- Sinclair David A.
- Singh Rajat
- Sinha Debasish
- Sinicrope Frank A.
- Sirko Agnieszka
- Siu Parco M.
- Sivridis Efthimios
- Skop Vojtech
- Skulachev Vladimir P.
- Slack Ruth S.
- Smaili Soraya S.
- Smith Duncan R.
- Soengas Maria S.
- Soldati Thierry
- Song Xueqin
- Sood Anil K.
- Soong Tuck Wah
- Sotgia Federica
- Spector Stephen A.
- Spies Claudia D.
- Springer Wolfdieter
- Srinivasula Srinivasa M.
- Stefanis Leonidas
- Steffan Joan S.
- Stendel Ruediger
- Stenmark Harald
- Stephanou Anastasis
- Stern Stephan T.
- Sternberg Cinthya
- Stork Björn
- Strålfors Peter
- Subauste Carlos S.
- Sui Xinbing
- Sulzer David
- Sun Jiaren
- Sun Shi-Yong
- Sun Zhi-Jun
- Sung Joseph J.Y.
- Suzuki Kuninori
- Suzuki Toshihiko
- Swanson Michele S.
- Swanton Charles
- Sweeney Sean T.
- Sy Lai-King
- Szabadkai György
- Sánchez-Alcázar José A.
- Sánchez-Prieto Ricardo
- Tabas Ira
- Taegtmeyer Heinrich
- Tafani Marco
- Takano Yoshitaka
- Takegawa Kaoru
- Takemura Genzou
- Takeshita Fumihiko
- Takács-Vellai Krisztina
- Talbot Nicholas J.
- Tan Kevin S.W.
- Tanaka Keiji
- Tanaka Kozo
- Tang Daolin
- Tang Dingzhong
- Tanida Isei
- Tannous Bakhos A.
- Tavernarakis Nektarios
- Taylor Graham S.
- Taylor Gregory A.
- Taylor J. Paul
- Terada Lance S.
- Terman Alexei
- Tettamanti Gianluca
- Thevissen Karin
- Thompson Craig B.
- Thorburn Andrew
- Thumm Michael
- Tian FengFeng
- Tian Yuan
- Tocchini-Valentini Glauco
- Tolkovsky Aviva M.
- Tomino Yasuhiko
- Tooze Sharon A.
- Tournier Cathy
- Tower John
- Towns Roberto
- Trajkovic Vladimir
- Travassos Leonardo H.
- Tsai Ting-Fen
- Tschan Mario P.
- Tsubata Takeshi
- Tsung Allan
- Turk Boris
- Turner Lorianne S.
- Tyagi Suresh C.
- Tönges Lars
- Uchiyama Yasuo
- Ueno Takashi
- Umekawa Midori
- Umemiya-Shirafuji Rika
- Unni Vivek K.
- Vaccaro Maria I.
- Valente Enza Maria
- Van den Berghe Greet
- van der Klei Ida J.
- van Doorn Wouter G
- van Dyk Linda F.
- van Egmond Marjolein
- van Grunsven Leo A.
- Vandenabeele Peter
- Vandenberghe Wim P.
- Vanhorebeek Ilse
- Vaquero Eva C.
- Velasco Guillermo
- Vellai Tibor
- Vicencio José Miguel
- Vierstra Richard D.
- Vila Miquel
- Vindis Cécile
- Viola Giampietro
- Viscomi Maria Teresa
- Voitsekhovskaja Olga V.
- von Haefen Clarissa
- Votruba Marcela
- Wada Keiji
- Wade-Martins Richard
- Walker Cheryl L.
- Walsh Craig M.
- Walter Jochen
- Wan Xiang-Bo
- Wang Aimin
- Wang Chenguang
- Wang Dawei
- Wang Fan
- Wang Guanghui
- Wang Haichao
- Wang Hong-Gang
- Wang Horng-Dar
- Wang Jin
- Wang Ke
- Wang Mei
- Wang Richard C.
- Wang Xinglong
- Wang Xiujie J.
- Wang Ying-Jan
- Wang Yipeng
- Wang Zhen-Bo
- Wang Zhigang Charles
- Wang Zhinong
- Wansink Derick G.
- Ward Diane M.
- Watada Hirotaka
- Waters Sarah L.
- Webster Paul
- Wei Lixin
- Weihl Conrad C.
- Weiss William A
- Welford Scott M.
- Wen Long-Ping
- Whitehouse Caroline A.
- Whitton J. Lindsay
- Whitworth Alexander J.
- Wileman Tom
- Wiley John W.
- Wilkinson Simon
- Willbold Dieter
- Williams Roger L.
- Williamson Peter R.
- Wouters Bradly G.
- Wu Chenghan
- Wu Dao-Cheng
- Wu William K.K.
- Wyttenbach Andreas
- Xavier Ramnik J.
- Xi Zhijun
- Xia Pu
- Xiao Gengfu
- Xie Zhiping
- Xie Zhonglin
- Xu Da-zhi
- Xu Jianzhen
- Xu Liang
- Xu Xiaolei
- Yamamoto Ai
- Yamamoto Akitsugu
- Yamashina Shunhei
- Yamashita Michiaki
- Yan Xianghua
- Yanagida Mitsuhiro
- Yang Dun-Sheng
- Yang Elizabeth
- Yang Jin-Ming
- Yang Shi Yu
- Yang Wannian
- Yang Wei Yuan
- Yang Zhifen
- Yao Meng-Chao
- Yao Tso-Pang
- Yeganeh Behzad
- Yen Wei-Lien
- Yin Jia-jing
- Yin Xiao-Ming
- Yoo Ook-Joon
- Yoon Gyesoon
- Yoon Seung-Yong
- Yorimitsu Tomohiro
- Yoshikawa Yuko
- Yoshimori Tamotsu
- Yoshimoto Kohki
- You Ho Jin
- Youle Richard J
- Younes Anas
- Yu Li
- Yu Long
- Yu Seong-Woon
- Yu Wai Haung
- Yuan Zhi-Min
- Yue Zhenyu
- Yun Cheol-Heui
- Yuzaki Michisuke
- Zabirnyk Olga
- Zacks David
- Zacksenhaus Eldad
- Zaffaroni Nadia
- Zakeri Zahra
- Zeh III Herbert J.
- Zeitlin Scott O.
- Zhang Hong
- Zhang Hui-Ling
- Zhang Jianhua
- Zhang Jing-Pu
- Zhang Jue
- Zhang Lin
- Zhang Long
- Zhang Ming-Yong
- Zhang Xu Dong
- Zhao Mantong
- Zhao Yi-Fang
- Zhao Ying
- Zhao Zhizhuang J.
- Zheng Xiaoxiang
- Zhivotovsky Boris
- Zhong Qing
- Zhou Cong-Zhao
- Zhu Changlian
- Zhu Wei-Guo
- Zhu Xiao-Feng
- Zhu Xiongwei
- Zhu Yuangang
- Zoladek Teresa
- Zong Wei-Xing
- Zorzano Antonio
- Zschocke Jürgen
- Zuckerbraun Brian
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/04/2012
- Field of study
In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- Author
- Abdalla Fabio C.
- Abeliovich Hagai
- Abraham Robert T.
- Acevedo-Arozena Abraham
- Adeli Khosrow
- Agholme Lotta
- Agnello Maria
- Agostinis Patrizia
- Aguirre-Ghiso Julio A.
- Ahn Hyung Jun
- Ait-Mohamed Ouardia
- Ait-Si-Ali Slimane
- Akematsu Takahiko
- Akira Shizuo
- Al-Younes Hesham M.
- Al-Zeer Munir A.
- Albert Matthew L.
- Albin Roger L.
- Alegre-Abarrategui Javier
- Aleo Maria Francesca
- Alirezaei Mehrdad
- Almasan Alexandru
- Almonte-Becerril Maylin
- Amano Atsuo
- Amaravadi Ravi K.
- Amarnath Shoba
- Amer Amal O.
- Anantharam Vellareddy
- Andrieu-Abadie Nathalie
- Ann David K.
- Anoopkumar-Dukie Shailendra
- Aoki Hiroshi
- Apostolova Nadezda
- Arancia Giuseppe
- Aris John P.
- Asanuma Katsuhiko
- Asare Nana Y.O.
- Ashida Hisashi
- Askanas Valerie
- Askew David S
- Auberger Patrick
- Baba Misuzu
- Backues Steven K.
- Baehrecke Eric H.
- Bahr Ben A.
- Bai Xue-Yuan
- Bailly Yannick
- Baiocchi Robert
- Baldini Giulia
- Balduini Walter
- Ballabio Andrea
- Bamber Bruce A.
- Bampton Edward T.W.
- Bartholomew Clinton R.
- Bassham Diane C.
- Bast Robert C.
- Batoko Henri
- Bay Boon-Huat
- Beau Isabelle
- Begley Thomas J.
- Behl Christian
- Behrends Christian
- Bekri Soumeya
- Bellaire Bryan
- Bendall Linda J.
- Benetti Luca
- Berliocchi Laura
- Bernardi Henri
- Bernassola Francesca
- Besteiro Sébastien
- Bhatia-Kiššová Ingrid
- Bi Xiaoning
- Biard-Piechaczyk Martine
- Blum Janice S.
- Boise Lawrence H.
- Bonaldo Paolo
- Boone David L
- Bornhauser Beat C.
- Bortoluci Karina R.
- Bossis Ioannis
- Bost Frédéric
- Bourquin Jean-Pierre
- Boya Patricia
- Boyer-Guittaut Michaël
- Bozhkov Peter V.
- Brady Nathan R
- Brancolini Claudio
- Brech Andreas
- Brenman Jay E.
- Brennand Ana
- Bresnick Emery H.
- Brest Patrick
- Bridges Dave
- Bristol Molly L.
- Brookes Paul S.
- Brown Eric J.
- Brumell John H.
- Brunetti-Pierri Nicola
- Brunk Ulf T.
- Bulman Dennis E.
- Bultman Scott J.
- Bultynck Geert
- Burbulla Lena F.
- Bursch Wilfried
- Butchar Jonathan P.
- Buzgariu Wanda
- Bydlowski Sergio P.
- Béchet Daniel M.
- Cadwell Ken
- Cahová Monika
- Cai Dongsheng
- Cai Jiyang
- Cai Qian
- Calabretta Bruno
- Calvo-Garrido Javier
- Camougrand Nadine
- Campanella Michelangelo
- Campos-Salinas Jenny
- Candi Eleonora
- Cao Lizhi
- Caplan Allan B.
- Carding Simon R.
- Cardoso Sandra M.
- Carew Jennifer S.
- Carlin Cathleen R.
- Carmignac Virginie
- Carneiro Leticia A.M.
- Carra Serena
- Caruso Rosario A.
- Casari Giorgio
- Casas Caty
- Castino Roberta
- Cebollero Eduardo
- Cecconi Francesco
- Celli Jean
- Chaachouay Hassan
- Chae Han-Jung
- Chai Chee-Yin
- Chan David C.
- Chan Edmond Y.
- Chang Raymond Chuen-Chung
- Che Chi-Ming
- Chen Ching-Chow
- Chen Guang-Chao
- Chen Guo-Qiang
- Chen Min
- Chen Quan
- Chen Steve S.-L.
- Chen WenLi
- Chen Xi
- Chen Xiangmei
- Chen Xiequn
- Chen Ye-Guang
- Chen Yingyu
- Chen Yongqiang
- Chen Yu-Jen
- Chen Zhixiang
- Cheng Alan
- Cheng Christopher H.K.
- Cheng Yan
- Cheong Heesun
- Cheong Jae-Ho
- Cherry Sara
- Chess-Williams Russ
- Cheung Zelda H.
- Chevet Eric
- Chiang Hui-Ling
- Chiarelli Roberto
- Chiba Tomoki
- Chin Lih-Shen
- Chiou Shih-Hwa
- Chisari Francis V.
- Cho Chi Hin
- Cho Dong-Hyung
- Choi Augustine MK
- Choi DooSeok
- Choi Kyeong Sook
- Choi Mary E.
- Chouaib Salem
- Choubey Divaker
- Choubey Vinay
- Chu Charleen T
- Chuang Tsung-Hsien
- Chueh Sheau-Huei
- Chun Taehoon
- Chwae Yong-Joon
- Chye Mee-Len
- Ciarcia Roberto
- Ciriolo Maria R.
- Clague Michael J.
- Clark Robert S.B.
- Clarke Peter G.H.
- Clarke Robert B
- Codogno Patrice
- Coller Hilary A.
- Colombo María I.
- Comincini Sergio
- Condello Maria
- Condorelli Fabrizio
- Cookson Mark R.
- Coombs Graham H
- Coppens Isabelle
- Corbalan Ramon
- Cossart Pascale
- Costelli Paola
- Costes Safia
- Coto-Montes Ana
- Couve Eduardo
- Coxon Fraser P.
- Cregg James M.
- Crespo José L.
- Cronjé Marianne J.
- Cuervo Ana Maria
- Cullen Joseph J.
- Czaja Mark J.
- D'Amelio Marcello
- Darfeuille-Michaud Arlette
- Davids Lester M.
- Davies Faith E.
- De Felici Massimo
- de Groot John F.
- de Haan Cornelis A.M.
- De Martino Luisa
- De Milito Angelo
- De Tata Vincenzo
- Debnath Jayanta
- Degterev Alexei
- Dehay Benjamin
- Delbridge Lea M.D.
- Demarchi Francesca
- Deng Yi Zhen
- Dengjel Jörn
- Dent Paul
- Denton Donna
- Deretic Vojo
- Desai Shyamal D.
- Devenish Rodney J.
- Di Gioacchino Mario
- Di Paolo Gilbert
- Di Pietro Chiara
- Diaz-Meco Maria T.
- Diaz-Nido Javier
- Dikic Ivan
- Dinesh-Kumar Savithramma P.
- Ding Wen-Xing
- Distelhorst Clark W.
- Diwan Abhinav
- Djavaheri-Mergny Mojgan
- Dokudovskaya Svetlana
- Dong Zheng
- Dorsey Frank C.
- Dosenko Victor
- Dowling James J.
- Doxsey Stephen
- Dreux Marlène
- Drew Mark E.
- Duan Qiuhong
- Duchosal Michel A
- Duff Karen E.
- Dugail Isabelle
- Durbeej Madeleine
- Duszenko Michael
- Díaz-Araya Guillermo
- Díaz-Laviada Inés
- Edelstein Charles L.
- Edinger Aimee L.
- Egea Gustavo
- Eichinger Ludwig
- Eissa N. Tony
- Ekmekcioglu Suhendan
- El-Deiry Wafik S.
- Elazar Zvulun
- Elgendy Mohamed
- Ellerby Lisa M.
- Eng Kai Er
- Engelbrecht Anna-Mart
- Engelender Simone
- Erenpreisa Jekaterina
- Escalante Ricardo
- Esclatine Audrey
- Eskelinen Eeva-Liisa
- Espert Lucile
- Espina Virginia
- Fan Huizhou
- Fan Jia
- Fan Qi-Wen
- Fan Zhen
- Fang Shengyun
- Fang Yongqi
- Fanto Manolis
- Fanzani Alessandro
- Farkas Thomas
- Farre Jean-Claude
- Faure Mathias
- Fechheimer Marcus
- Feng Carl G.
- Feng Jian
- Feng Qili
- Feng Youji
- Feuer Ralph
- Figueiredo-Pereira Maria E.
- Fimia Gian Maria
- Fingar Diane C.
- Finkbeiner Steven
- Finkel Toren
- Finley Kim D.
- Fiorito Filomena
- Fisher Edward A.
- Fisher Paul B.
- Flajolet Marc
- Flores Juan B. Kouri
- Florez-McClure Maria L.
- Florio Salvatore
- Fon Edward A
- Fornai Francesco
- Fortunato Franco
- Fotedar Rati
- Fowler Daniel H.
- Fox Howard S.
- Franco Rodrigo
- Frankel Lisa B.
- Fransen Marc
- Fuentes José M.
- Fueyo Juan
- Fujii Jun
- Fujisaki Kozo
- Fujita Eriko
- Fukuda Mitsunori
- Furukawa Ruth H.
- Fésüs László
- Gaestel Matthias
- Gailly Philippe
- Gajewska Malgorzata
- Galliot Brigitte
- Galy Vincent
- Ganesh Subramaniam
- Ganetzky Barry
- Ganley Ian G.
- Gao Fen-Biao
- Gao George F.
- Gao Jinming
- Garcia Lorena
- Garcia-Manero Guillermo
- Garcia-Marcos Mikel
- Garmyn Marjan
- Gartel Andrei L.
- Gatti Evelina
- Gautel Mathias
- Gawriluk Thomas R.
- Gegg Matthew E.
- Geng Jiefei
- Germain Marc
- Gestwicki Jason E.
- Gewirtz David A
- Ghavami Saeid
- Ghosh Pradipta
- Giammarioli Anna M.
- Giatromanolaki Alexandra N.
- Gibson Spencer B.
- Gilkerson Robert W.
- Ginger Michael L.
- Ginsberg Henry N.
- Golab Jakub
- Goligorsky Michael S.
- Golstein Pierre
- Gomez-Manzano Candelaria
- Goncu Ebru
- Gongora Céline
- Gonzalez Claudio D.
- Gonzalez Ramon
- Gonzalez-Rey Elena
- González-Estévez Cristina
- González-Polo Rosa Ana
- Gorbunov Nikolai V.
- Gorski Sharon
- Goruppi Sandro
- Gottlieb Roberta A
- Gozuacik Devrim
- Granato Giovanna Elvira
- Grant Gary D.
- Green Kim N.
- Gregorc Ales
- Gros Frédéric
- Grose Charles
- Grunt Thomas W.
- Gual Philippe
- Guan Jun-Lin
- Guan Kun-Liang
- Guichard Sylvie M.
- Gukovskaya Anna S.
- Gukovsky Ilya
- Gunst Jan
- Gustafsson Åsa B.
- Halayko Andrew J.
- Hale Amber N.
- Halonen Sandra K.
- Hamasaki Maho
- Han Feng
- Han Ting
- Hancock Michael K.
- Hansen Malene
- Harada Hisashi
- Harada Masaru
- Hardt Stefan E.
- Harper J. Wade
- Harris Adrian L.
- Harris James
- Harris Steven D.
- Hashimoto Makoto
- Haspel Jeffrey A.
- Hayashi Shin-ichiro
- Hazelhurst Lori A.
- He Congcong
- He You-Wen
- Heidenreich Kim A.
- Helfrich Miep H.
- Helgason Gudmundur V.
- Henske Elizabeth P.
- Herman Brian
- Herman Paul K.
- Hetz Claudio
- Hilfiker Sabine
- Hill Joseph A
- Hocking Lynne J.
- Hofman Paul
- Hofmann Thomas G.
- Holyoake Tessa L.
- Hong Ming-Huang
- Hood David A.
- Hotamisligil Gökhan S.
- Houwerzijl Ewout J.
- Hu Bingren
- Hu Chien-an A.
- Hu Hong-Ming
- Hua Ya
- Huang Canhua
- Huang Ju
- Huang Shengbing
- Huang Wei-Pang
- Huber Tobias B.
- Huh Won-Ki
- Hung Tai-Ho
- Hupp Ted R.
- Hur Gang Min
- Hurley James B.
- Hussain Sabah N.A.
- Hussey Patrick J.
- Hwang Jung Jin
- Hwang Seungmin
- Hébert Marie-Josée
- Höhfeld Jörg
- Høyer-Hansen Maria
- Ichihara Atsuhiro
- Ilkhanizadeh Shirin
- Inoki Ken
- Into Takeshi
- Iovane Valentina
- Iovanna Juan L.
- Ip Nancy Y.
- Isaka Yoshitaka
- Ishida Hiroyuki
- Isidoro Ciro
- Isobe Ken-ichi
- Iwasaki Akiko
- Izquierdo Marta
- Izumi Yotaro
- Jaakkola Panu M.
- Jackson George R.
- Jackson William T.
- Janji Bassam
- Jendrach Marina
- Jeon Ju-Hong
- Jeung Eui-Bae
- Jiang Hong
- Jiang Hongchi
- Jiang Jean X.
- Jiang Ming
- Jiang Qing
- Jiang Xuejun
- Jiménez Alberto
- Jin Meiyan
- Jin Shengkan V.
- Joe Cheol O.
- Johansen Terje
- Johnson Daniel E.
- Johnson Gail V.W.
- Jones Nicola L.
- Joseph Bertrand
- Joseph Suresh K.
- Joubert Annie M.
- Juhász Gábor
- Juillerat-Jeanneret Lucienne
- Jung Chang Hwa
- Jung Yong-Keun
- Jäättelä Marja
- Kaarniranta Kai
- Kaasik Allen
- Kabuta Tomohiro
- Kadowaki Motoni
- Kamada Yoshiaki
- Kaminskyy Vitaliy O.
- Kampinga Harm H.
- Kanamori Hiromitsu
- Kang Chanhee
- Kang Khong Bee
- Kang Kwang Il
- Kang Rui
- Kang Yoon-A
- Kanki Tomotake
- Kanneganti Thirumala-Devi
- Kanno Haruo
- Kanthasamy Anumantha G.
- Kanthasamy Arthi
- Karantza Vassiliki
- Kaushal Gur P.
- Kaushik Susmita
- Kawazoe Yoshinori
- Ke Po-Yuan
- Kehrl John H.
- Kelekar Ameeta
- Kerkhoff Claus
- Kessel David H.
- Khalil Hany
- Kiel Jan A.K.W.
- Kiger Amy A.
- Kihara Akio
- Kim Deok Ryong
- Kim Do-Hyung
- Kim Dong-Hou
- Kim Eun-Kyoung
- Kim Hyung-Ryong
- Kim Jae-Sung
- Kim Jeong Hun
- Kim Jin Cheon
- Kim John K.
- Kim Peter K.
- Kim Seong Who
- Kim Yong-Sun
- Kim Yonghyun
- Kimchi Adi
- Kimmelman Alec C.
- King Jason S.
- Kinsella Timothy J.
- Kirkin Vladimir
- Kirshenbaum Lorrie A.
- Kitamoto Katsuhiko
- Kitazato Kaio
- Klein Ludger
- Klimecki Walter T.
- Klionsky Daniel J
- Klucken Jochen
- Knecht Erwin
- Ko Ben C.B.
- Koch Jan C.
- Koga Hiroshi
- Koh Jae-Young
- Koh Young Ho
- Koike Masato
- Komatsu Masaaki
- Kominami Eiki
- Kong Hee Jeong
- Kong Wei-Jia
- Korolchuk Viktor I.
- Kotake Yaichiro
- Koukourakis Michael I.
- Kovács Attila L
- Kraft Claudine
- Krainc Dimitri
- Kretz-Remy Carole
- Krichevsky Anna M.
- Kroemer Guido
- Krut Oleg
- Krämer Helmut
- Krüger Rejko
- Ktistakis Nicholas T.
- Kuan Chia-Yi
- Kucharczyk Roza
- Kumar Ashok
- Kumar Raj
- Kumar Sharad
- Kundu Mondira
- Kung Hsing-Jien
- Kurz Tino
- Kwon Ho Jeong
- Kågedal Katarina
- La Spada Albert R.
- Lafont Frank
- Lamark Trond
- Landry Jacques
- Lane Jon D.
- Lapaquette Pierre
- Laporte Jocelyn F.
- Lavandero Sergio
- Lavoie Josée N.
- Layfield Robert
- Lazo Pedro A.
- Le Cam Laurent
- Le Weidong
- Ledbetter Daniel J.
- Lee Alvin J.X.
- Lee Byung-Wan
- Lee Gyun Min
- Lee Jongdae
- lee Ju-hyun
- Lee Michael
- Lee Myung-Shik
- Lee Sug Hyung
- Leeuwenburgh Christiaan
- Legembre Patrick
- Legouis Renaud
- Lehmann Michael
- Lei Huan-Yao
- Lei Qun-Ying
- Leib David A.
- Leiro José
- Lemasters John J.
- Lemoine Antoinette
- Lesniak Maciej S.
- Lev Dina
- Levenson Victor V.
- Levine Beth
- Levy Efrat
- Li Faqiang
- Li Jun-Lin
- Li Lian
- Li Sheng
- Li Weijie
- Li Xue-Jun
- Li Yan-Bo
- Li Yi-Ping
- Liang Chengyu
- Liang Qiangrong
- Liao Yung-Feng
- Liberski Pawel P.
- Lieberman Andrew
- Lim Hyunjung J.
- Lim Kah-Leong
- Lim Kyu
- Lin Chiou-Feng
- Lin Fu-Cheng
- Lin Jian
- Lin Jiandie D.
- Lin Kui
- Lin Wan-Wan
- Lin Weei-Chin
- Lin Yi-Ling
- Linden Rafael
- Lingor Paul
- Lippincott-Schwartz Jennifer
- Lisanti Michael P.
- Liton Paloma B.
- Liu Bo
- Liu Chun-Feng
- Liu Kaiyu
- Liu Leyuan
- Liu Qiong A.
- Liu Wei
- Liu Young-Chau
- Liu Yule
- Lockshin Richard A.
- Lok Chun-Nam
- Lonial Sagar
- Loos Benjamin
- Lopez-Berestein Gabriel
- Lossi Laura
- Lotze Michael T.
- Low Peter
- Lu Binfeng
- Lu Bingwei
- Lu Bo
- Lu Zhen
- Luciano Fréderic
- Lukacs Nicholas W.
- Lund Anders H.
- Lynch-Day Melinda A.
- László Lajos
- López-Otín Carlos
- Ma Yong
- Macian Fernando
- MacKeigan Jeff P.
- Macleod Kay F.
- Madeo Frank
- Maiuri Luigi
- Maiuri Maria Chiara
- Malagoli Davide
- Malicdan May Christine V.
- Malorni Walter
- Man Na
- Mandelkow Eva-Maria
- Manon Stephen
- Manov Irena
- Mao Kai
- Mao Xiang
- Mao Zixu
- Marambaud Philippe
- Marazziti Daniela
- Marcel Yves L.
- Marchbank Katie
- Marchetti Piero
- Marciniak Stefan J.
- Marcondes Mateus
- Mardi Mohsen
- Marfe Gabriella
- Mariño Guillermo
- Markaki Maria
- Marten Mark R.
- Martin Seamus J.
- Martinand-Mari Camille
- Martinet Wim
- Martinez-Vicente Marta
- Masini Matilde
- Matarrese Paola
- Matsuo Saburo
- Matteoni Raffaele
- Mayer Andreas
- Mazure Nathalie M.
- McConkey David J.
- McConnell Melanie J.
- McDermott Catherine
- McDonald Christine
- McInerney Gerald M.
- McKenna Sharon L.
- McLaughlin BethAnn
- McLean Pamela J.
- McMaster Christopher R.
- McQuibban G. Angus
- Meijer Alfred J.
- Meisler Miriam H.
- Melia Thomas J.
- Melino Gerry
- Meléndez Alicia
- Mena Maria A.
- Menendez Javier A.
- Menna-Barreto Rubem F. S.
- Menon Manoj B.
- Menzies Fiona M.
- Mercer Carol A.
- Merighi Adalberto
- Merry Diane E.
- Meschini Stefania
- Meyer Christian G.
- Meyer Thomas F.
- Miao Chao-Yu
- Miao Jun-Ying
- Michels Paul A.M.
- Michiels Carine
- Mijaljica Dalibor
- Milojkovic Ana
- Minucci Saverio
- Miracco Clelia
- Miranti Cindy K.
- Mitroulis Ioannis
- Miyazawa Keisuke
- Mizushima Noboru
- Mograbi Baharia
- Mohseni Simin
- Molero Xavier
- Mollereau Bertrand
- Mollinedo Faustino
- Momoi Takashi
- Monastyrska Iryna
- Monick Martha M.
- Monteiro Mervyn J.
- Moore Michael N.
- Mora Rodrigo
- Moreau Kevin
- Moreira Paula I.
- Moriyasu Yuji
- Moscat Jorge
- Mostowy Serge
- Mottram Jeremy C
- Motyl Tomasz
- Moussa Charbel E.-H.
- Muller Sylviane
- Murphy Leon O.
- Murphy Maureen E.
- Musarò Antonio
- Mysorekar Indira
- Müller Sylke
- Münger Karl
- Münz Christian
- Nagata Eiichiro
- Nagata Kazuhiro
- Nahimana Aimable
- Nair Usha
- Nakagawa Toshiyuki
- Nakahira Kiichi
- Nakano Hiroyasu
- Nakatogawa Hitoshi
- Nanjundan Meera
- Naqvi Naweed I
- Narendra Derek P.
- Narita Masashi
- Navarro Miguel
- Nawrocki Steffan T.
- Nazarko Taras Y.
- Nemchenko Andriy
- Netea Mihai G.
- Neufeld Thomas P.
- Ney Paul A.
- Nezis Ioannis P.
- Nguyen Huu Phuc
- Nie Daotai
- Nishino Ichizo
- Nislow Corey
- Nixon Ralph A.
- Noda Takeshi
- Noegel Angelika A.
- Nogalska Anna
- Noguchi Satoru
- Notterpek Lucia
- Novak Ivana
- Nozaki Tomoyoshi
- Nukina Nobuyuki
- Nyfeler Beat
- Nürnberger Thorsten
- Obara Keisuke
- Oberley Terry D.
- Oddo Salvatore
- Ogawa Michinaga
- Ohashi Toya
- Okamoto Koji
- Oleinick Nancy L.
- Oliver F. Javier
- Olsen Laura J.
- Olsson Stefan
- Opota Onya
- Osborne Timothy F.
- Ostrander Gary K.
- Otsu Kinya
- Ou Jing-hsiung James
- Ouimet Mireille
- Overholtzer Michael
- Ozpolat Bulent
- Paganetti Paolo
- Pagnini Ugo
- Pallet Nicolas
- Palmer Glen E.
- Palumbo Camilla
- Pan Tianhong
- Panaretakis Theocharis
- Pandey Udai Bhan
- Papackova Zuzana
- Papassideri Issidora
- Paris Irmgard
- Park Junsoo
- Park Ohkmae K.
- Parys Jan B.
- Parzych Katherine R.
- Patschan Susann
- Patterson Cam
- Pattingre Sophie
- Pawelek John M.
- Peng Jianxin
- Perlmutter David H.
- Perrotta Ida
- Perry George
- Pervaiz Shazib
- Peter Matthias
- Peters Godefridus J.
- Petersen Morten
- Petrovski Goran
- Phang James M.
- Piacentini Mauro
- Pierre Philippe
- Pierrefite-Carle Valérie
- Pierron Gérard
- Pinkas-Kramarski Ronit
- Piras Antonio
- Piri Natik
- Platanias Leonidas C.
- Poirot Marc
- Poletti Angelo
- Pozuelo-Rubio Mercedes
- Poüs Christian
- Prasad Anil
- Prescott Mark
- Priault Muriel
- Produit-Zengaffinen Nathalie
- Progulske-Fox Ann
- Proikas-Cezanne Tassula
- Przedborski Serge
- Przyklenk Karin
- Prætorius-Ibba Mette
- Puertollano Rosa
- Puyal Julien
- Pöggeler Stefanie
- Qian Shu-Bing
- Qin Liang
- Qin Zheng-Hong
- Quaggin Susan E.
- Raben Nina
- Rabinowich Hannah
- Rabkin Simon W.
- Rahman Irfan
- Rami Abdelhaq
- Ramm Georg
- Randall Glenn
- Randow Felix
- Rao V. Ashutosh
- Rathmell Jeffrey C.
- Ravikumar Brinda
- Ray Swapan K.
- Reed Bruce H.
- Reed John C.
- Reggiori Fulvio
- Reichert Andreas S.
- Reiners Jr., John J.
- Reiter Russel J.
- Ren Jun
- Revuelta José L.
- Rhodes Christopher J.
- Ritis Konstantinos
- Rizzo Elizete
- Robbins Jeffrey
- Roberge Michel
- Roca Hernan
- Roccheri Maria C.
- Rocchi Stephane
- Rodemann H. Peter
- Rodríguez de Córdoba Santiago
- Rohrer Bärbel
- Roninson Igor B.
- Rosen Kirill
- Rost-Roszkowska Magdalena M.
- Rouis Mustapha
- Rouschop Kasper M.A.
- Rovetta Francesca
- Rubin Brian P.
- Rubinsztein David C
- Ruckdeschel Klaus
- Rucker Edmund B.
- Rudich Assaf
- Rudolf Emil
- Ruiz-Opazo Nelson
- Russo Rossella
- Rusten Tor Erik
- Ryan Kevin M.
- Ryter Stefan W
- Régnier-Vigouroux Anne
- Sabatini David M.
- Sadoshima Junichi
- Saha Tapas
- Saitoh Tatsuya
- Sakagami Hiroshi
- Sakai Yasuyoshi
- Salekdeh Ghasem Hoseini
- Salomoni Paolo
- Salvaterra Paul M.
- Salvesen Guy
- Salvioli Rosa
- Sanchez Anthony M.J.
- Sandri Marco
- Sankar Uma
- Sansanwal Poonam
- Santambrogio Laura
- Saran Shweta
- Sarkar Sovan
- Sarwal Minnie
- Sasakawa Chihiro
- Sasnauskiene Ausra
- Sass Miklós
- Sato Ken
- Sato Miyuki
- Schapira Anthony H.V.
- Scharl Michael
- Scheper Wiep
- Schiaffino Stefano
- Schneider Claudio
- Schneider Marion E.
- Schneider-Stock Regine
- Schoenlein Patricia V.
- Schorderet Daniel F.
- Schwartz Gary K.
- Schätzl Hermann M.
- Schüller Christoph
- Scorrano Luca
- Sealy Linda
- Seglen Per O
- Segura-Aguilar Juan
- Seiliez Iban
- Seleverstov Oleksandr
- Sell Christian
- Seo Jong Bok
- Separovic Duska
- Setaluri Vijayasaradhi
- Setoguchi Takao
- Settembre Carmine
- Shacka John J.
- Shanmugam Mala
- Shapiro Irving M
- Shaulian Eitan
- Shaw Reuben J.
- Shelhamer James H.
- Shen Han-Ming
- Shen Wei-Chiang
- Sheng Zu-Hang
- Shi Yang
- Shibuya Kenichi
- Shidoji Yoshihiro
- Shieh Jeng-Jer
- Shih Chwen-Ming
- Shimada Yohta
- Shimizu Shigeomi
- Shintani Takahiro
- Shirihai Orian S.
- Shore Gordon C.
- Sibirny Andriy A.
- Sidhu Stan B.
- Sikorska Beata
- Silva-Zacarin Elaine
- Silva-Zacarin Elaine C.M.
- Simmons Alison
- Simon Anna Katharina
- Simon Hans-Uwe
- Simone Cristiano
- Simonsen Anne
- Sinclair David A.
- Singh Rajat
- Sinha Debasish
- Sinicrope Frank A.
- Sirko Agnieszka
- Siu Parco M.
- Sivridis Efthimios
- Skop Vojtech
- Skulachev Vladimir P.
- Slack Ruth S.
- Smaili Soraya S.
- Smith Duncan R.
- Soengas Maria S.
- Soldati Thierry
- Song Xueqin
- Sood Anil K.
- Soong Tuck Wah
- Sotgia Federica
- Spector Stephen A.
- Spies Claudia D.
- Springer Wolfdieter
- Srinivasula Srinivasa M.
- Stefanis Leonidas
- Steffan Joan S.
- Stendel Ruediger
- Stenmark Harald
- Stephanou Anastasis
- Stern Stephan T.
- Sternberg Cinthya
- Stork Björn
- Strålfors Peter
- Subauste Carlos S.
- Sui Xinbing
- Sulzer David
- Sun Jiaren
- Sun Shi-Yong
- Sun Zhi-Jun
- Sung Joseph J.Y.
- Suzuki Kuninori
- Suzuki Toshihiko
- Swanson Michele S.
- Swanton Charles
- Sweeney Sean T.
- Sy Lai-King
- Szabadkai György
- Sánchez-Alcázar José A.
- Sánchez-Prieto Ricardo
- Tabas Ira
- Taegtmeyer Heinrich
- Tafani Marco
- Takano Yoshitaka
- Takegawa Kaoru
- Takemura Genzou
- Takeshita Fumihiko
- Takács-Vellai Krisztina
- Talbot Nicholas J.
- Tan Kevin S.W.
- Tanaka Keiji
- Tanaka Kozo
- Tang Daolin
- Tang Dingzhong
- Tanida Isei
- Tannous Bakhos A.
- Tavernarakis Nektarios
- Taylor Graham S.
- Taylor Gregory A.
- Taylor J. Paul
- Terada Lance S.
- Terman Alexei
- Tettamanti Gianluca
- Thevissen Karin
- Thompson Craig B.
- Thorburn Andrew
- Thumm Michael
- Tian FengFeng
- Tian Yuan
- Tocchini-Valentini Glauco
- Tolkovsky Aviva M.
- Tomino Yasuhiko
- Tooze Sharon A.
- Tournier Cathy
- Tower John
- Towns Roberto
- Trajkovic Vladimir
- Travassos Leonardo H.
- Tsai Ting-Fen
- Tschan Mario P.
- Tsubata Takeshi
- Tsung Allan
- Turk Boris
- Turner Lorianne S.
- Tyagi Suresh C.
- Tönges Lars
- Uchiyama Yasuo
- Ueno Takashi
- Umekawa Midori
- Umemiya-Shirafuji Rika
- Unni Vivek K.
- Vaccaro Maria I.
- Valente Enza Maria
- Van den Berghe Greet
- van der Klei Ida J.
- van Doorn Wouter G
- van Dyk Linda F.
- van Egmond Marjolein
- van Grunsven Leo A.
- Vandenabeele Peter
- Vandenberghe Wim P.
- Vanhorebeek Ilse
- Vaquero Eva C.
- Velasco Guillermo
- Vellai Tibor
- Vicencio José Miguel
- Vierstra Richard D.
- Vila Miquel
- Vindis Cécile
- Viola Giampietro
- Viscomi Maria Teresa
- Voitsekhovskaja Olga V.
- von Haefen Clarissa
- Votruba Marcela
- Wada Keiji
- Wade-Martins Richard
- Walker Cheryl L.
- Walsh Craig M.
- Walter Jochen
- Wan Xiang-Bo
- Wang Aimin
- Wang Chenguang
- Wang Dawei
- Wang Fan
- Wang Guanghui
- Wang Haichao
- Wang Hong-Gang
- Wang Horng-Dar
- Wang Jin
- Wang Ke
- Wang Mei
- Wang Richard C.
- Wang Xinglong
- Wang Xiujie J.
- Wang Ying-Jan
- Wang Yipeng
- Wang Zhen-Bo
- Wang Zhigang Charles
- Wang Zhinong
- Wansink Derick G.
- Ward Diane M.
- Watada Hirotaka
- Waters Sarah L.
- Webster Paul
- Wei Lixin
- Weihl Conrad C.
- Weiss William A
- Welford Scott M.
- Wen Long-Ping
- Whitehouse Caroline A.
- Whitton J. Lindsay
- Whitworth Alexander J.
- Wileman Tom
- Wiley John W.
- Wilkinson Simon
- Willbold Dieter
- Williams Roger L.
- Williamson Peter R.
- Wouters Bradly G.
- Wu Chenghan
- Wu Dao-Cheng
- Wu William K.K.
- Wyttenbach Andreas
- Xavier Ramnik J.
- Xi Zhijun
- Xia Pu
- Xiao Gengfu
- Xie Zhiping
- Xie Zhonglin
- Xu Da-zhi
- Xu Jianzhen
- Xu Liang
- Xu Xiaolei
- Yamamoto Ai
- Yamamoto Akitsugu
- Yamashina Shunhei
- Yamashita Michiaki
- Yan Xianghua
- Yanagida Mitsuhiro
- Yang Dun-Sheng
- Yang Elizabeth
- Yang Jin-Ming
- Yang Shi Yu
- Yang Wannian
- Yang Wei Yuan
- Yang Zhifen
- Yao Meng-Chao
- Yao Tso-Pang
- Yeganeh Behzad
- Yen Wei-Lien
- Yin Jia-jing
- Yin Xiao-Ming
- Yoo Ook-Joon
- Yoon Gyesoon
- Yoon Seung-Yong
- Yorimitsu Tomohiro
- Yoshikawa Yuko
- Yoshimori Tamotsu
- Yoshimoto Kohki
- You Ho Jin
- Youle Richard J
- Younes Anas
- Yu Li
- Yu Long
- Yu Seong-Woon
- Yu Wai Haung
- Yuan Zhi-Min
- Yue Zhenyu
- Yun Cheol-Heui
- Yuzaki Michisuke
- Zabirnyk Olga
- Zacks David
- Zacksenhaus Eldad
- Zaffaroni Nadia
- Zakeri Zahra
- Zeh III Herbert J.
- Zeitlin Scott O.
- Zhang Hong
- Zhang Hui-Ling
- Zhang Jianhua
- Zhang Jing-Pu
- Zhang Jue
- Zhang Lin
- Zhang Long
- Zhang Ming-Yong
- Zhang Xu Dong
- Zhao Mantong
- Zhao Yi-Fang
- Zhao Ying
- Zhao Zhizhuang J.
- Zheng Xiaoxiang
- Zhivotovsky Boris
- Zhong Qing
- Zhou Cong-Zhao
- Zhu Changlian
- Zhu Wei-Guo
- Zhu Xiao-Feng
- Zhu Xiongwei
- Zhu Yuangang
- Zoladek Teresa
- Zong Wei-Xing
- Zorzano Antonio
- Zschocke Jürgen
- Zuckerbraun Brian
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/04/2012
- Field of study
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- Author
- Abdelhaq Rami
- Abhinav Diwan
- Abraham Acevedo-Arozena
- Adalberto Merighi
- Adi Kimchi
- Adrian L. Harris
- Agnieszka Sirko
- Ahlberg J
- Ai Yamamoto
- Aimable Nahimana
- Aimee L. Edinger
- Aimin Wang
- Akiko Iwasaki
- Akio Kihara
- Akitsugu Yamamoto
- Aksam EB
- Alan Cheng
- Albert R. La Spada
- Alberto Jiménez
- Alec C. Kimmelman
- Ales Gregorc
- Alessandro Fanzani
- Alexander J. Whitworth
- Alexandra N. Giatromanolaki
- Alexandru Almasan
- Alexei Degterev
- Alexei Terman
- Alfred J. Meijer
- Alicia Meléndez
- Alison Simmons
- Allan B. Caplan
- Allan Tsung
- Allen Kaasik
- Alvin J.X. Lee
- Amal O. Amer
- Amber N. Hale
- Ameeta Kelekar
- Amy A. Kiger
- Ana Brennand
- Ana Coto-Montes
- Ana Maria Cuervo
- Ana Milojkovic
- Anas Younes
- Anastasis Stephanou
- Anders H. Lund
- Andrea Ballabio
- Andreas Brech
- Andreas Mayer
- Andreas S. Reichert
- Andreas Wyttenbach
- Andrei L. Gartel
- Andrew J. Halayko
- Andrew Lieberman
- Andrew Thorburn
- Andriy A. Sibirny
- Andriy Nemchenko
- Angelika A. Noegel
- Angelo De Milito
- Angelo Poletti
- Anil K. Sood
- Anil Prasad
- Ann Progulske-Fox
- Anna Katharina Simon
- Anna M. Giammarioli
- Anna M. Krichevsky
- Anna Nogalska
- Anna S. Gukovskaya
- Anna-Mart Engelbrecht
- Anne Régnier-Vigouroux
- Anne Simonsen
- Annie M. Joubert
- Anthony H.V. Schapira
- Anthony M.J. Sanchez
- Antoinette Lemoine
- Antonio Musarò
- Antonio Piras
- Antonio Zorzano
- Anumantha G. Kanthasamy
- Arlette Darfeuille-Michaud
- Arthi Kanthasamy
- Ashok Kumar
- Assaf Rudich
- Atsuhiro Ichihara
- Atsuo Amano
- Attila L. Kovács
- Audrey Esclatine
- Augustine M.K. Choi
- Ausra Sasnauskiene
- Aviva M. Tolkovsky
- Baharia Mograbi
- Bakhos A. Tannous
- Barry Ganetzky
- Bassam Janji
- Beat C. Bornhauser
- Beat Nyfeler
- Beata Sikorska
- Behzad Yeganeh
- Ben A. Bahr
- Ben C.B. Ko
- Benjamin Dehay
- Benjamin Loos
- Berger B
- Bertrand Joseph
- Bertrand Mollereau
- Beth Levine
- BethAnn McLaughlin
- Biederbick A
- Binfeng Lu
- Bingren Hu
- Bingwei Lu
- Biolo G
- Birmingham CL
- Birmingham CL
- Björn Stork
- Bjørkøy G
- Bo Liu
- Bo Lu
- Boon-Huat Bay
- Boris Turk
- Boris Zhivotovsky
- Bradly G. Wouters
- Brian Herman
- Brian P. Rubin
- Brian Zuckerbraun
- Brigitte Galliot
- Brinda Ravikumar
- Brown CR
- Bruce A. Bamber
- Bruce H. Reed
- Bruno Calabretta
- Bryan Bellaire
- Bulent Ozpolat
- Byung-Wan Lee
- Bärbel Rohrer
- Bélanger M
- Cam Patterson
- Camilla Palumbo
- Camille Martinand-Mari
- Candelaria Gomez-Manzano
- Canhua Huang
- Cantino D
- Carine Michiels
- Carl G. Feng
- Carlos López-Otín
- Carlos S. Subauste
- Carmine Settembre
- Carol A. Mercer
- Carole Kretz-Remy
- Caroline A. Whitehouse
- Catherine McDermott
- Cathleen R. Carlin
- Cathy Tournier
- Caty Casas
- Chan EY
- Chang Hwa Jung
- Changlian Zhu
- Chanhee Kang
- Chao-Yu Miao
- Charbel E.-H. Moussa
- Charleen T. Chu
- Charles Grose
- Charles L. Edelstein
- Charles Swanton
- Chee-Yin Chai
- Chenghan Wu
- Chenguang Wang
- Chengyu Liang
- Cheol O. Joe
- Cheol-Heui Yun
- Chera S
- Cheryl L. Walker
- Chi Hin Cho
- Chi-Ming Che
- Chia-Yi Kuan
- Chiara Di Pietro
- Chien-an A. Hu
- Chihiro Sasakawa
- Ching-Chow Chen
- Chiou-Feng Lin
- Christiaan Leeuwenburgh
- Christian Behl
- Christian Behrends
- Christian G. Meyer
- Christian Münz
- Christian Poüs
- Christian Sell
- Christine McDonald
- Christoph Schüller
- Christopher H.K. Cheng
- Christopher J. Rhodes
- Christopher R. McMaster
- Chun-Feng Liu
- Chun-Nam Lok
- Chwen-Ming Shih
- Ciechomska IA
- Cindy K. Miranti
- Cinthya Sternberg
- Ciro Isidoro
- Clarissa von Haefen
- Clark W. Distelhorst
- Claudia D. Spies
- Claudine Kraft
- Claudio Brancolini
- Claudio D. Gonzalez
- Claudio Hetz
- Claudio Schneider
- Claus Kerkhoff
- Clelia Miracco
- Clinton R. Bartholomew
- Colombo MI
- Cong-Zhao Zhou
- Congcong He
- Conrad C. Weihl
- Corey Nislow
- Cornelis A.M. de Haan
- Craig B. Thompson
- Craig M. Walsh
- Cristiano Simone
- Cristina González-Estévez
- Cuervo AM
- Cécile Vindis
- Céline Gongora
- Da-zhi Xu
- Dagda RK
- Dalibor Mijaljica
- Daniel E. Johnson
- Daniel F. Schorderet
- Daniel H. Fowler
- Daniel J. Klionsky
- Daniel J. Ledbetter
- Daniel M. Béchet
- Daniela Marazziti
- Dao-Cheng Wu
- Daolin Tang
- Daotai Nie
- Dave Bridges
- David A. Gewirtz
- David A. Hood
- David A. Leib
- David A. Sinclair
- David C. Chan
- David C. Rubinsztein
- David H. Kessel
- David H. Perlmutter
- David J. McConkey
- David K. Ann
- David L. Boone
- David M. Sabatini
- David S. Askew
- David Sulzer
- David Zacks
- Davide Malagoli
- Dawei Wang
- Debasish Sinha
- Denne SC
- Dennis E. Bulman
- Deok Ryong Kim
- Derek P. Narendra
- Derick G. Wansink
- Devrim Gozuacik
- Diane C. Bassham
- Diane C. Fingar
- Diane E. Merry
- Diane M. Ward
- Dieter Willbold
- Dimitri Krainc
- Dina Lev
- Dingzhong Tang
- Divaker Choubey
- Do-Hyung Kim
- Dong-Hou Kim
- Dong-Hyung Cho
- Dongsheng Cai
- Donna Denton
- DooSeok Choi
- Dubuisson JF
- Dun-Sheng Yang
- Duncan R. Smith
- Duska Separovic
- Ebru Goncu
- Edmond Y. Chan
- Edmund B. Rucker
- Eduardo Cebollero
- Eduardo Couve
- Edward A. Fisher
- Edward A. Fon
- Edward T.W. Bampton
- Eeva-Liisa Eskelinen
- Efrat Levy
- Efthimios Sivridis
- Eiichiro Nagata
- Eiki Kominami
- Eitan Shaulian
- Elaine C.M. Silva-Zacarin
- Elaine Silva-Zacarin
- Eldad Zacksenhaus
- Elena Gonzalez-Rey
- Eleonora Candi
- Elizabeth P. Henske
- Elizabeth Yang
- Elizete Rizzo
- Emery H. Bresnick
- Emil Rudolf
- Enza Maria Valente
- Eric Chevet
- Eric H. Baehrecke
- Eric J. Brown
- Eriko Fujita
- Erwin Knecht
- Eskelinen E-L
- Eui-Bae Jeung
- Eun-Kyoung Kim
- Eva C. Vaquero
- Eva-Maria Mandelkow
- Evelina Gatti
- Ewout J. Houwerzijl
- F. Javier Oliver
- Fabio C. Abdalla
- Fabrizio Condorelli
- Faith E. Davies
- Fan Wang
- Faqiang Li
- Farkas T
- Faustino Mollinedo
- Federica Sotgia
- Felix Randow
- Fen Wang
- Fen-Biao Gao
- Feng Han
- FengFeng Tian
- Fernando Macian
- Filomena Fiorito
- Fimia GM
- Fiona M. Menzies
- Francesca Bernassola
- Francesca Demarchi
- Francesca Rovetta
- Francesco Cecconi
- Francesco Fornai
- Francis V. Chisari
- Franco Fortunato
- Frank A. Sinicrope
- Frank C. Dorsey
- Frank Lafont
- Frank Madeo
- Fraser P. Coxon
- Fréderic Luciano
- Frédéric Bost
- Frédéric Gros
- Fu-Cheng Lin
- Fujii S
- Fukagawa NK
- Fulvio Reggiori
- Fumihiko Takeshita
- G. Angus McQuibban
- Gabriel Lopez-Berestein
- Gabriella Marfe
- Gail V.W. Johnson
- Galliot B
- Gang Min Hur
- Garber AJ
- Gary D. Grant
- Gary K. Ostrander
- Gary K. Schwartz
- Geert Bultynck
- Gengfu Xiao
- Genzou Takemura
- Georg Ramm
- George F. Gao
- George Perry
- George R. Jackson
- Gerald M. McInerney
- Gerry Melino
- Ghasem Hoseini Salekdeh
- Giampietro Viola
- Gian Maria Fimia
- Gianluca Tettamanti
- Gilbert Di Paolo
- Giorgio Casari
- Giovanna Elvira Granato
- Giulia Baldini
- Giuseppe Arancia
- Giusti C
- Glauco Tocchini-Valentini
- Glen E. Palmer
- Glenn Randall
- Godefridus J. Peters
- Goncu E
- Goran Petrovski
- Gordon C. Shore
- Gordon PB
- Gordon PB
- Gosai SJ
- Graham H. Coombs
- Graham S. Taylor
- Greet Van den Berghe
- Gregory A. Taylor
- Guan J
- Guang-Chao Chen
- Guanghui Wang
- Gudmundur V. Helgason
- Guido Kroemer
- Guillermo Díaz-Araya
- Guillermo Garcia-Manero
- Guillermo Mariño
- Guillermo Velasco
- Guo-Qiang Chen
- Gur P. Kaushal
- Gustavo Egea
- Guy Salvesen
- Gyesoon Yoon
- Gyun Min Lee
- György Szabadkai
- Gábor Juhász
- Gábor Juhász
- Gérard Pierron
- Gökhan S. Hotamisligil
- H. Peter Rodemann
- Hagai Abeliovich
- Haichao Wang
- Han-Jung Chae
- Han-Ming Shen
- Hannah Rabinowich
- Hans-Uwe Simon
- Hany Khalil
- Harald Stenmark
- Harm H. Kampinga
- Haruo Kanno
- Hassan Chaachouay
- Hee Jeong Kong
- Heesun Cheong
- Heinrich Taegtmeyer
- Helmut Krämer
- Henri Batoko
- Henri Bernardi
- Henry N. Ginsberg
- Herbert J. Zeh III
- Hermann M. Schätzl
- Hernan Roca
- Hesham M. Al-Younes
- Hilary A. Coller
- Hiromitsu Kanamori
- Hiroshi Aoki
- Hiroshi Koga
- Hiroshi Sakagami
- Hirotaka Watada
- Hiroyasu Nakano
- Hiroyuki Ishida
- Hirsimäki Y
- Hisashi Ashida
- Hisashi Harada
- Hitoshi Nakatogawa
- Ho Jeong Kwon
- Ho Jin You
- Hong Jiang
- Hong Zhang
- Hong-Gang Wang
- Hong-Ming Hu
- Hongchi Jiang
- Horng-Dar Wang
- Howard S. Fox
- Hsing-Jien Kung
- Huan-Yao Lei
- Hui-Ling Chiang
- Hui-Ling Zhang
- Huizhou Fan
- Hutchins MU
- Huu Phuc Nguyen
- Hyung Jun Ahn
- Hyung-Ryong Kim
- Hyunjung J. Lim
- Häussinger D
- Ian G. Ganley
- Iban Seiliez
- Ichizo Nishino
- Ida J. van der Klei
- Ida Perrotta
- Igor B. Roninson
- Ilse Vanhorebeek
- Ilya Gukovsky
- Indira Mysorekar
- Ingrid Bhatia-Kissova
- Inés Díaz-Laviada
- Ioannis Bossis
- Ioannis Mitroulis
- Ioannis P. Nezis
- Ira Tabas
- Irena Manov
- Irfan Rahman
- Irmgard Paris
- Irving M. Shapiro
- Iryna Monastyrska
- Isabelle Beau
- Isabelle Coppens
- Isabelle Dugail
- Isei Tanida
- Issidora Papassideri
- Ivan Dikic
- Ivana Novak
- Iwai-Kanai E
- J. Lindsay Whitton
- J. Paul Taylor
- J. Wade Harper
- Jacques Landry
- Jae-Ho Cheong
- Jae-Sung Kim
- Jae-Young Koh
- Jakub Golab
- James B. Hurley
- James H. Shelhamer
- James Harris
- James J. Dowling
- James M. Cregg
- James M. Phang
- Jan A.K.W. Kiel
- Jan B. Parys
- Jan C. Koch
- Jan Gunst
- Janice S. Blum
- Jason E. Gestwicki
- Jason S. King
- Javier A. Menendez
- Javier Alegre-Abarrategui
- Javier Calvo-Garrido
- Javier Diaz-Nido
- Jay E. Brenman
- Jayanta Debnath
- Jean Celli
- Jean X. Jiang
- Jean-Claude Farre
- Jean-Pierre Bourquin
- Jeff P. MacKeigan
- Jeffrey A. Haspel
- Jeffrey C. Rathmell
- Jeffrey Robbins
- Jekaterina Erenpreisa
- Jeng-Jer Shieh
- Jennifer Lippincott-Schwartz
- Jennifer S. Carew
- Jenny Campos-Salinas
- Jeong Hun Kim
- Jeremy C. Mottram
- Jia Fan
- Jia-Jing Yin
- Jian Feng
- Jian Lin
- Jiandie D. Lin
- Jianhua Zhang
- Jianxin Peng
- Jianzhen Xu
- Jiaren Sun
- Jiefei Geng
- Jin Cheon Kim
- Jin Wang
- Jin-Ming Yang
- Jing-hsiung James Ou
- Jing-Pu Zhang
- Jinming Gao
- Jiyang Cai
- Joan S. Steffan
- Jocelyn F. Laporte
- Jochen Klucken
- Jochen Walter
- John C. Reed
- John F. de Groot
- John H. Brumell
- John H. Kehrl
- John J. Lemasters
- John J. Reiners Jr.
- John J. Shacka
- John K. Kim
- John M. Pawelek
- John P. Aris
- John Tower
- John W. Wiley
- Jomain-Baum M
- Jon D. Lane
- Jonathan P. Butchar
- Jong Bok Seo
- Jongdae Lee
- Jorge Moscat
- Joseph A. Hill
- Joseph J. Cullen
- Joseph J.Y. Sung
- José A. Sánchez-Alcázar
- José L. Crespo
- José L. Revuelta
- José Leiro
- José M. Fuentes
- José Miguel Vicencio
- Josée N. Lavoie
- Ju Huang
- Ju-Hong Jeon
- Ju-hyun lee
- Juan B. Kouri Flores
- Juan Fueyo
- Juan L. Iovanna
- Juan Segura-Aguilar
- Julien Puyal
- Julio A. Aguirre-Ghiso
- Jun Fujii
- Jun Ren
- Jun-Lin Guan
- Jun-Lin Li
- Jun-Ying Miao
- Jung Jin Hwang
- Junichi Sadoshima
- Junsoo Park
- Jörg Höhfeld
- Jörn Dengjel
- Jürgen Zschocke
- Kah-Leong Lim
- Kai Er Eng
- Kai Kaarniranta
- Kai Mao
- Kaio Kitazato
- Kaiyu Liu
- Kaoru Takegawa
- Karen E. Duff
- Karim MR
- Karin Przyklenk
- Karin Thevissen
- Karina R. Bortoluci
- Karl Münger
- Kasper M.A. Rouschop
- Katarina Kågedal
- Katherine R. Parzych
- Katie Marchbank
- Katsuhiko Asanuma
- Katsuhiko Kitamoto
- Kay F. Macleod
- Kazuhiro Nagata
- Ke Wang
- Keiji Tanaka
- Keiji Wada
- Keisuke Miyazawa
- Keisuke Obara
- Ken Cadwell
- Ken Inoki
- Ken Sato
- Ken-ichi Isobe
- Kenichi Shibuya
- Ketteler R
- Kevin M. Ryan
- Kevin Moreau
- Kevin S.W. Tan
- Khong Bee Kang
- Khosrow Adeli
- Kiichi Nakahira
- Kim A. Heidenreich
- Kim D. Finley
- Kim N. Green
- Kimura S
- Kinya Otsu
- Kirill Rosen
- Klaus Ruckdeschel
- Klionsky DJ
- Klionsky DJ
- Klionsky DJ
- Klionsky DJ
- Klionsky DJ
- Kohki Yoshimoto
- Koji Okamoto
- Komatsu M
- Kominami E
- Konstantinos Ritis
- Kovács AL
- Kovács AL
- Kovács AL
- Kovács J
- Kovács J
- Kovács J
- Kozo Fujisaki
- Kozo Tanaka
- Krisztina Takács-Vellai
- Kui Lin
- Kuma A
- Kun-Liang Guan
- Kuninori Suzuki
- Kwang Il Kang
- Kyeong Sook Choi
- Kyu Lim
- Lai-King Sy
- Lajos László
- Lance S. Terada
- Lars Tönges
- Laura Berliocchi
- Laura J. Olsen
- Laura Lossi
- Laura Santambrogio
- Laurent Le Cam
- Lawrence H. Boise
- Lea M.D. Delbridge
- Lena F. Burbulla
- Leo A. van Grunsven
- Leon O. Murphy
- Leonardo H. Travassos
- Leonidas C. Platanias
- Leonidas Stefanis
- Lester M. Davids
- Leticia A.M. Carneiro
- Levine B
- Leyuan Liu
- Li Yu
- Lian Li
- Liang Qin
- Liang Xu
- Lih-Shen Chin
- Lin Zhang
- Linda F. van Dyk
- Linda J. Bendall
- Linda Sealy
- Lisa B. Frankel
- Lisa M. Ellerby
- Lixin Wei
- Lizhi Cao
- Long Yu
- Long Zhang
- Long-Ping Wen
- Lorena Garcia
- Lori A. Hazelhurst
- Lorianne S. Turner
- Lorrie A. Kirshenbaum
- Lotta Agholme
- Luca Benetti
- Luca Scorrano
- Lucia Notterpek
- Lucienne Juillerat-Jeanneret
- Lucile Espert
- Ludger Klein
- Ludwig Eichinger
- Luigi Maiuri
- Luisa De Martino
- Lyamzaev KG
- Lynne J. Hocking
- László Fésüs
- Maciej S. Lesniak
- Madeleine Durbeej
- Magdalena M. Rost-Roszkowska
- Maho Hamasaki
- Makoto Hashimoto
- Mala Shanmugam
- Malene Hansen
- Malgorzata Gajewska
- Manoj B. Menon
- Manolis Fanto
- Mantong Zhao
- Marc Flajolet
- Marc Fransen
- Marc Germain
- Marc Poirot
- Marcela Votruba
- Marcello D'Amelio
- Marco Sandri
- Marco Tafani
- Marcus Fechheimer
- Maria A. Mena
- Maria Agnello
- Maria C. Roccheri
- Maria Chiara Maiuri
- Maria Condello
- Maria E. Figueiredo-Pereira
- Maria Francesca Aleo
- Maria Høyer-Hansen
- Maria I. Vaccaro
- Maria L. Florez-McClure
- Maria Markaki
- Maria R. Ciriolo
- Maria S. Soengas
- Maria T. Diaz-Meco
- Maria Teresa Viscomi
- Marianne J. Cronjé
- Marie-Josée Hébert
- Marina Jendrach
- Mario Di Gioacchino
- Mario P. Tschan
- Marion E. Schneider
- Marja Jäättelä
- Marjan Garmyn
- Marjolein van Egmond
- Mark E. Drew
- Mark J. Czaja
- Mark Prescott
- Mark R. Cookson
- Mark R. Marten
- Marlène Dreux
- Marta Izquierdo
- Marta Martinez-Vicente
- Martha M. Monick
- Martine Biard-Piechaczyk
- Martinet W
- Mary E. Choi
- María I. Colombo
- Masaaki Komatsu
- Masaru Harada
- Masashi Narita
- Masato Koike
- Massimo De Felici
- Mateus Marcondes
- Mathias Faure
- Mathias Gautel
- Matilde Masini
- Matthew E. Gegg
- Matthew L. Albert
- Matthias Gaestel
- Matthias Peter
- Maureen E. Murphy
- Mauro Piacentini
- May Christine V. Malicdan
- Maylin Almonte-Becerril
- Mee-Len Chye
- Meera Nanjundan
- Mehrdad Alirezaei
- Mei Wang
- Meiyan Jin
- Melanie J. McConnell
- Melinda A. Lynch-Day
- Meng-Chao Yao
- Mercedes Pozuelo-Rubio
- Mercer CA
- Mervyn J. Monteiro
- Meschini S
- Mette Prætorius-Ibba
- Michael Duszenko
- Michael I. Koukourakis
- Michael J. Clague
- Michael K. Hancock
- Michael L. Ginger
- Michael Lee
- Michael Lehmann
- Michael N. Moore
- Michael Overholtzer
- Michael P. Lisanti
- Michael S. Goligorsky
- Michael Scharl
- Michael T. Lotze
- Michael Thumm
- Michaël Boyer-Guittaut
- Michel A. Duchosal
- Michel Roberge
- Michelangelo Campanella
- Michele S. Swanson
- Michiaki Yamashita
- Michinaga Ogawa
- Michiorri S
- Michisuke Yuzaki
- Midori Umekawa
- Miep H. Helfrich
- Miguel Navarro
- Mihai G. Netea
- Mikel Garcia-Marcos
- Miklós Sass
- Miller BC
- Min Chen
- Ming Jiang
- Ming-Huang Hong
- Ming-Yong Zhang
- Minnie Sarwal
- Miquel Vila
- Mireille Ouimet
- Miriam H. Meisler
- Misuzu Baba
- Mitsuhiro Yanagida
- Mitsunori Fukuda
- Miyuki Sato
- Mizushima N
- Mohamed Elgendy
- Mohsen Mardi
- Mojgan Djavaheri-Mergny
- Molly L. Bristol
- Mondira Kundu
- Monika Cahová
- Mora R
- Moriyasu Y
- Morten Petersen
- Mortimore GE
- Motoni Kadowaki
- Motyl T
- Mpakou VE
- Munafó DB
- Munir A. Al-Zeer
- Muriel Priault
- Mustapha Rouis
- Myung-Shik Lee
- N. Tony Eissa
- Na Man
- Nadezda Apostolova
- Nadia Zaffaroni
- Nadine Camougrand
- Nana Y.O. Asare
- Nancy L. Oleinick
- Nancy Y. Ip
- Nathalie Andrieu-Abadie
- Nathalie M. Mazure
- Nathalie Produit-Zengaffinen
- Nathan R Brady
- Natik Piri
- Naweed I. Naqvi
- Nektarios Tavernarakis
- Nelson Ruiz-Opazo
- Nicholas J. Talbot
- Nicholas T. Ktistakis
- Nicholas W. Lukacs
- Nicola Brunetti-Pierri
- Nicola L. Jones
- Nicolas Pallet
- Nikolai V. Gorbunov
- Nina Raben
- Nixon RA
- Noboru Mizushima
- Nobuyuki Nukina
- Ogawa M
- Ohkmae K. Park
- Okatsu K
- Oleg Krut
- Oleksandr Seleverstov
- Olga V. Voitsekhovskaja
- Olga Zabirnyk
- Onya Opota
- Ook-Joon Yoo
- Orian S. Shirihai
- Ost A
- Ostenfeld MS
- Ouardia Ait-Mohamed
- Paglin S
- Paloma B. Liton
- Pamela J. McLean
- Panu M. Jaakkola
- Paola Costelli
- Paola Matarrese
- Paolo Bonaldo
- Paolo Paganetti
- Paolo Salomoni
- Papadopoulos T
- Parco M. Siu
- Pascale Cossart
- Patrice Codogno
- Patricia Boya
- Patricia V. Schoenlein
- Patrick Auberger
- Patrick Brest
- Patrick J. Hussey
- Patrick Legembre
- Patrizia Agostinis
- Paul A. Ney
- Paul A.M. Michels
- Paul B. Fisher
- Paul Dent
- Paul Hofman
- Paul K. Herman
- Paul Lingor
- Paul M. Salvaterra
- Paul S. Brookes
- Paul Webster
- Paula I. Moreira
- Pawel P. Liberski
- Pedro A. Lazo
- Per O. Seglen
- Peter G.H. Clarke
- Peter K. Kim
- Peter Low
- Peter R. Williamson
- Peter Strålfors
- Peter V. Bozhkov
- Peter Vandenabeele
- Philippe Gailly
- Philippe Gual
- Philippe Marambaud
- Philippe Pierre
- Piero Marchetti
- Pierre Golstein
- Pierre Lapaquette
- Piggott N
- Plomp PJ
- Po-Yuan Ke
- Poli A
- Poonam Sansanwal
- Pradipta Ghosh
- Pu Xia
- Qi-Wen Fan
- Qian Cai
- Qiangrong Liang
- Qili Feng
- Qing Jiang
- Qing Zhong
- Qiong A. Liu
- Qiuhong Duan
- Quan Chen
- Qun-Ying Lei
- Rafael Linden
- Raffaele Matteoni
- Raj Kumar
- Rajat Singh
- Ralph A. Nixon
- Ralph Feuer
- Ramnik J. Xavier
- Ramon Corbalan
- Ramon Gonzalez
- Rati Fotedar
- Ravi K. Amaravadi
- Raymond Chuen-Chung Chang
- Regine Schneider-Stock
- Rejko Krüger
- Renaud Legouis
- Reuben J. Shaw
- Ricardo Escalante
- Ricardo Sánchez-Prieto
- Richard A. Lockshin
- Richard C. Wang
- Richard D. Vierstra
- Richard J. Youle
- Richard Wade-Martins
- Rika Umemiya-Shirafuji
- Robert Baiocchi
- Robert C. Bast
- Robert Clarke
- Robert Layfield
- Robert S.B. Clark
- Robert T. Abraham
- Robert W. Gilkerson
- Roberta A. Gottlieb
- Roberta Castino
- Roberto Chiarelli
- Roberto Ciarcia
- Roberto Towns
- Rodney J. Devenish
- Rodrigo Franco
- Rodrigo Mora
- Rodriguez-Enriquez S
- Roger L. Albin
- Roger L. Williams
- Ronit Pinkas-Kramarski
- Rosa Ana González-Polo
- Rosa Puertollano
- Rosa Salvioli
- Rosado CJ
- Rosario A. Caruso
- Rossella Russo
- Roza Kucharczyk
- Rubem F. S. Menna-Barreto
- Ruediger Stendel
- Rui Kang
- Rumpelt HJ
- Russ Chess-Williams
- Russel J. Reiter
- Ruth H. Furukawa
- Ruth S. Slack
- Réz G
- Réz G
- Réz G
- Réz G
- Sabah N.A. Hussain
- Sabine Hilfiker
- Saburo Matsuo
- Saeid Ghavami
- Safia Costes
- Sagar Lonial
- Sakagami H
- Salem Chouaib
- Salvador N
- Salvatore Florio
- Salvatore Oddo
- Sandra K. Halonen
- Sandra M. Cardoso
- Sandro Goruppi
- Santiago Rodríguez de Córdoba
- Sara Cherry
- Sarah L. Waters
- Sasaki K
- Satoru Noguchi
- Saverio Minucci
- Savithramma P. Dinesh-Kumar
- Schork SM
- Scott J. Bultman
- Scott M. Welford
- Scott O. Zeitlin
- Seamus J. Martin
- Sean T. Sweeney
- Seglen PO
- Seglen PO
- Seong Who Kim
- Seong-Woon Yu
- Serena Carra
- Serge Mostowy
- Serge Przedborski
- Sergio Comincini
- Sergio Lavandero
- Sergio P. Bydlowski
- Seung-Yong Yoon
- Seungmin Hwang
- Shailendra Anoopkumar-Dukie
- Sharad Kumar
- Sharon A. Tooze
- Sharon Gorski
- Sharon L. McKenna
- Shazib Pervaiz
- Sheau-Huei Chueh
- Shelburne JD
- Sheng Li
- Shengbing Huang
- Shengkan V. Jin
- Shengyun Fang
- Shi Yu Yang
- Shi-Yong Sun
- Shigeomi Shimizu
- Shih-Hwa Chiou
- Shin-ichiro Hayashi
- Shirin Ilkhanizadeh
- Shizuo Akira
- Shoba Amarnath
- Shu-Bing Qian
- Shunhei Yamashina
- Shvets E
- Shweta Saran
- Shyamal D. Desai
- Simin Mohseni
- Simon R. Carding
- Simon W. Rabkin
- Simon Wilkinson
- Simone Engelender
- Slimane Ait-Si-Ali
- Sophie Pattingre
- Soraya S. Smaili
- Soumeya Bekri
- Sovan Sarkar
- Spencer B. Gibson
- Spruessel A
- Srinivasa M. Srinivasula
- Stan B. Sidhu
- Stefan E. Hardt
- Stefan J. Marciniak
- Stefan Olsson
- Stefan W. Ryter
- Stefania Meschini
- Stefanie Pöggeler
- Stefano Schiaffino
- Steffan T. Nawrocki
- Stephan T. Stern
- Stephane Rocchi
- Stephen A. Spector
- Stephen Doxsey
- Stephen Manon
- Steve S.-L. Chen
- Steven D. Harris
- Steven Finkbeiner
- Steven K. Backues
- Strømhaug PE
- Subramaniam Ganesh
- Sug Hyung Lee
- Suhendan Ekmekcioglu
- Suresh C. Tyagi
- Suresh K. Joseph
- Susan E. Quaggin
- Susann Patschan
- Susmita Kaushik
- Svetlana Dokudovskaya
- Swapan K. Ray
- Sylke Müller
- Sylviane Muller
- Sylvie M. Guichard
- Szeto J
- Sébastien Besteiro
- Taehoon Chun
- Tai-Ho Hung
- Takahiko Akematsu
- Takahiro Shintani
- Takao Setoguchi
- Takashi Momoi
- Takashi Ueno
- Takeshi Into
- Takeshi Noda
- Takeshi Tsubata
- Tallóczy Z
- Tamotsu Yoshimori
- Tapas Saha
- Taras Y. Nazarko
- Tassula Proikas-Cezanne
- Tatsuya Saitoh
- Taylor GS
- Ted R. Hupp
- Teresa Zoladek
- Terje Johansen
- Terry D. Oberley
- Tessa L. Holyoake
- Theocharis Panaretakis
- Thierry Soldati
- Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti
- Thomas F. Meyer
- Thomas Farkas
- Thomas G. Hofmann
- Thomas J. Begley
- Thomas J. Melia
- Thomas P. Neufeld
- Thomas R. Gawriluk
- Thomas W. Grunt
- Thorsten Nürnberger
- Tianhong Pan
- Tibor Vellai
- Timothy F. Osborne
- Timothy J. Kinsella
- Ting Han
- Ting-Fen Tsai
- Tino Kurz
- Tobias B. Huber
- Tom Wileman
- Tomasz Motyl
- Tomohiro Kabuta
- Tomohiro Yorimitsu
- Tomoki Chiba
- Tomotake Kanki
- Tomoyoshi Nozaki
- Tor Erik Rusten
- Toren Finkel
- Toshihiko Suzuki
- Toshiyuki Nakagawa
- Toya Ohashi
- Toyooka K
- Trond Lamark
- Tso-Pang Yao
- Tsung-Hsien Chuang
- Tuck Wah Soong
- Tuttle DL
- Tóth S
- Udai Bhan Pandey
- Ugo Pagnini
- Ulf T. Brunk
- Uma Sankar
- Usha Nair
- V. Ashutosh Rao
- Valentina Iovane
- Valerie Askanas
- Valérie Pierrefite-Carle
- Vassiliki Karantza
- Vellareddy Anantharam
- Venerando R
- Vergne I
- Victor Dosenko
- Victor V. Levenson
- Vijayasaradhi Setaluri
- Viktor I. Korolchuk
- Vinay Choubey
- Vincent Galy
- Vincenzo De Tata
- Virginia Espina
- Virginie Carmignac
- Vitaliy O. Kaminskyy
- Vivek K. Unni
- Vladimir Kirkin
- Vladimir P. Skulachev
- Vladimir Trajkovic
- Vojo Deretic
- Vojtech Skop
- vom Dahl S
- vom Dahl S
- von Haefen C
- Wafik S. El-Deiry
- Wai Haung Yu
- Walter Balduini
- Walter Malorni
- Walter T. Klimecki
- Wan-Wan Lin
- Wanda Buzgariu
- Wannian Yang
- Weber SM
- Webster P
- Weei-Chin Lin
- Wei Liu
- Wei Y
- Wei Yuan Yang
- Wei-Chiang Shen
- Wei-Guo Zhu
- Wei-Jia Kong
- Wei-Lien Yen
- Wei-Pang Huang
- Wei-Xing Zong
- Weidong Le
- Weijie Li
- Wen-Xing Ding
- WenLi Chen
- Wiep Scheper
- Wilfried Bursch
- William A. Weiss
- William K.K. Wu
- William T. Jackson
- Wim Martinet
- Wim P. Vandenberghe
- Winter G
- Wolfdieter Springer
- Won-Ki Huh
- Wouter G. van Doorn
- Xavier Molero
- Xi Chen
- Xiang Mao
- Xiang-Bo Wan
- Xianghua Yan
- Xiangmei Chen
- Xiao-Feng Zhu
- Xiao-Ming Yin
- Xiaolei Xu
- Xiaoning Bi
- Xiaoxiang Zheng
- Xiequn Chen
- Xinbing Sui
- Xinglong Wang
- Xiongwei Zhu
- Xiujie J. Wang
- Xu Dong Zhang
- Xue-Jun Li
- Xue-Yuan Bai
- Xuejun Jiang
- Xuejun Jiang
- Xueqin Song
- Ya Hua
- Yaichiro Kotake
- Yan Cheng
- Yan-Bo Li
- Yang Shi
- Yannick Bailly
- Yano K
- Yasuhiko Tomino
- Yasuo Uchiyama
- Yasuyoshi Sakai
- Ye-Guang Chen
- Yi Zhen Deng
- Yi-Fang Zhao
- Yi-Ling Lin
- Yi-Ping Li
- Ying Zhao
- Ying-Jan Wang
- Yingyu Chen
- Yipeng Wang
- Yohta Shimada
- Yokota S
- Yong Ma
- Yong-Joon Chwae
- Yong-Keun Jung
- Yong-Sun Kim
- Yonghyun Kim
- Yongqi Fang
- Yongqiang Chen
- Yoon-A Kang
- Yoshiaki Kamada
- Yoshihiro Shidoji
- Yoshimori T
- Yoshimura K
- Yoshinori Kawazoe
- Yoshitaka Isaka
- Yoshitaka Takano
- Yotaro Izumi
- You-Wen He
- Youji Feng
- Young Ho Koh
- Young-Chau Liu
- Yu-Jen Chen
- Yuan Tian
- Yuangang Zhu
- Yuji Moriyasu
- Yuko Yoshikawa
- Yule Liu
- Yung-Feng Liao
- Yves L. Marcel
- Zahra Zakeri
- Zelda H. Cheung
- Zhang H
- Zhen Fan
- Zhen Lu
- Zhen-Bo Wang
- Zheng Dong
- Zheng-Hong Qin
- Zhenyu Yue
- Zhi-Jun Sun
- Zhi-Min Yuan
- Zhifen Yang
- Zhigang Charles Wang
- Zhijun Xi
- Zhinong Wang
- Zhiping Xie
- Zhixiang Chen
- Zhizhuang J. Zhao
- Zhonglin Xie
- Zhou G
- Zhu H
- Zixu Mao
- Zu-Hang Sheng
- Zuzana Papackova
- Zvulun Elazar
- Åsa B. Gustafsson
- Øverbye A
- Publication venue
- 'Informa UK Limited'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2012
- Field of study
In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field
Transition metal impurities in carbon-based materials: Pitfalls, artifacts and deleterious effects
- Author
- Abdel-Motagaly
- Adamska
- Adeleye
- Adham
- Aguiar-Hualde
- Agustina
- Al Faraj
- Al-Kamiyani
- Aldieri
- Ali
- Ali
- Ali-Boucetta
- Amadei
- Amaraweera
- Ambrosi
- Ambrosi
- Ambrosi
- Ambrosi
- Ambrosi
- Ambrosi
- Amirov
- Ammann
- Ananta
- Andreas
- Andreoli
- Andrews
- Antes
- Antunes
- Arepalli
- Arrigo
- Asaka
- Atkins
- Atkinson
- Avila-Brande
- Avramescu
- Axet
- Ayouni-Derouiche
- Babich
- Bachmatiuk
- Badami
- Ballesteros
- Banaś
- Banhart
- Banhart
- Banhart
- Banhart
- Banhart
- Banks
- Banks
- Banks
- Barberio
- Barberio
- Barbolina
- Barkauskas
- Barzola-Quiquia
- Batchelor-McAuley
- Bati
- Behera
- Behler
- Bekyarova
- Belenkov
- Bellouard
- Bennett
- Berrada
- Bertoncini
- Besley
- Bezerra
- Bhadeshia
- Bhattacharjee
- Bhattacharya
- Bhaviripudi
- Bhunia
- Bhunia
- Bianco
- Bianco
- Birch
- Bittencourt
- Bittova
- Bittova
- Bockris
- Bok-Badura
- Bokhonov
- Boncel
- Boopathi
- Borden
- Boulyga
- Braeuninger-Weimer
- Braun
- Braun
- Broom
- Broom
- Browne
- Browne
- Brukh
- Brzhezinskaya
- Burgess-Clifford
- Burke
- Bushuev
- Bushuev
- Bussy
- Cabana
- Cai
- Cammisuli
- Campisi
- Campos
- Cao
- Castillejos
- Ceriotti
- Chang
- Charron
- Chattopadhyay
- Chaturvedi
- Chee
- Chehreh Chelgani
- Chen
- Chen
- Chen
- Chen
- Chen
- Chen
- Chen
- Chen
- Chen
- Chen
- Chen
- Chen
- Cheng
- Chenitz
- Chiang
- Chiang
- Chisholm
- Chng
- Chng
- Cho
- Choi
- Choi
- Choi
- Choi
- Chua
- Chua
- Chua
- Chung
- Chungchamroenkit
- Cividanes
- Cividanes
- Clancy
- Clancy
- Claye
- Costa
- Crabtree
- Cravotto
- Cretu
- Cruz
- Dai
- Dai
- Daiyan
- Darne
- Darne
- Das
- Datsyuk
- Datta
- De Volder
- Decker
- Derbyshire
- Desforges
- Desforges
- Dillon
- Dimiev
- Dimiev
- Dimovski
- Ding
- Ding
- Ding
- do Nascimento Martins
- Doan
- Domagała
- Dong
- Dong
- Dong
- Dresselhaus
- Dudek
- Dyjak
- Eatemadi
- Ebbesen
- Edwards
- Eftekhari
- Elias
- Ema
- Ema
- Emmett
- Emmett
- Enders
- Endo
- Eric
- Erkimbaev
- Esconjauregui
- Faccio
- Fachinger
- Fan
- Fang
- Faubert
- Feng
- Figarol
- Fitzer
- Fogden
- Fort
- Friedman
- Fronczak
- Fu
- Furtado
- Galland
- Gan
- Gao
- Gao
- Gao
- Garino
- Gawande
- Ge
- Ge
- Ge
- Georgakilas
- Gerber
- Ghosh
- Gianoncelli
- Giedyk
- Glibin
- Goak
- Gomez
- Goncharov
- Gong
- Gong
- Gong
- González-García
- Goze-Bac
- Greenberg
- Grigorian
- Grinberg
- Guo
- Guo
- Gupta
- Gurova
- Haddon
- Han
- Hata
- He
- He
- He
- Heimann
- Helmut
- Heras
- Hernandez
- Herrero-Latorre
- Hirano
- Hirsch
- Hirsch
- Hirscher
- Hoang
- Hoffmann
- Holmes
- Hong
- Hori
- Hou
- Hou
- Huang
- Huang
- Hull
- Hupp
- Ike
- Ilari
- Ilari
- Im
- Iost
- Ismail
- Itkis
- Jalili
- Jamrozik
- Jankovsky
- Jaouen
- Jara
- Jasim
- Jenifer
- Jeon
- Jeong
- Jeong
- Ji
- Jia
- Jia
- Jiang
- Jiang
- Jiang
- Jiang
- Jiao
- Jiao
- Jiao
- Jin
- Jin
- Jing
- Johnson
- Johnston
- Jones
- Jones
- Jourdain
- Jurkschat
- Kagan
- Kalinina
- Kalyoncu
- Kameník
- Kanagavalli
- Kane
- Kang
- Kang
- Kangasniemi
- Karatepe
- Karlsson
- Karu
- Kato
- Kauling
- Kazaryan
- Kazaryan
- Keller
- Khan
- Khodabakhshi
- Kiciński
- Kidd
- Kim
- Kim
- Kim
- Kim
- Kim
- Kim
- Kitiyanan
- Klein
- Klímová
- Kochubey
- Kolodiazhnyi
- Kong
- Kovtun
- Koyama
- Kramm
- Krasheninnikov
- Krasheninnikov
- Kreupl
- Kruusenberg
- Kruusma
- Krzyzaniak
- Kumar
- Kusunoki
- Kuznetsov
- Kučera
- Kylmälä
- Kántor
- Lachas
- Lacina
- Lahiri
- Lam
- Lambert
- Lan
- Lasjaunias
- Lavallee
- Lee
- Lee
- Lee
- Lee
- Lee
- Lee
- Lehman
- Leong
- Lepri
- Lepró
- Levine
- Levy
- Li
- Li
- Li
- Li
- Li
- Li
- Li
- Li
- Li
- Liang
- Lim
- Lim
- Limbeck
- Lin
- Lin
- Lin
- Lin
- Lin
- Ling
- Lipert
- Lipert
- Lisi
- Liu
- Liu
- Liu
- Liu
- Liu
- Liu
- Liu
- Liu
- Liu
- Liu
- Liu
- Liu
- Liu
- Liu
- Liu
- Liu
- Liu
- Liu
- Liu
- Lu
- Luidold
- Luidold
- Lum
- Lupina
- Lv
- Lyon
- López
- Ma
- Ma
- Ma
- Maciejewska
- MacKenzie
- Mackeyev
- Madani
- Magomedov
- Maheshwari
- Mahmoudi
- Maio
- Maiti
- Makama
- Malko
- Malta
- Manadé
- Markevich
- Martel
- Martinez
- Masa
- Masa
- Masa
- Mathews
- Matschat
- Matsuda
- Matsuda
- Mattevi
- Maynard
- Mayuri
- Mazanek
- Mazanek
- McCoy
- Mello
- Meng
- Menéndez
- Mercier
- Merisalu
- Mester
- Meyer-Plath
- Miller
- Min
- Mketo
- Mohajeri
- Moore
- Morales
- Moreno
- Morozan
- Mortari
- Muradov
- Murdock
- Mwangi
- Nakai
- Nel
- Nelson
- Neubauer
- Ng
- Nguyen
- Nikolaev
- Niu
- Nosaka
- Nyamori
- Ogrin
- Ohldag
- Olson
- Orekhov
- Ostadhossein
- Ou
- Pacakova
- Palser
- Pan
- Pan
- Pandey
- Park
- Pascolo
- Pasti
- Patel
- Patole
- Paul
- Pelalak
- Pellicer
- Peng
- Peng
- Peng
- Pereira
- Petersen
- Pełech
- Pillai
- Plata
- Plukienė
- Poh
- Porro
- Prado
- Presser
- Pulskamp
- Pumera
- Pumera
- Pumera
- Pumera
- Pumera
- Pumera
- Pumera
- Pumera
- Pun
- Qi
- Qi
- Qiu
- Qiu
- Qu
- Qu
- Rahman
- Ran
- Rao
- Rasmussen
- Rasmussen
- Reed
- Remy
- Renganathan
- Resano
- Resano
- Reynolds
- Rideal
- Rivera-Cárcamo
- Robertson
- Rodriguez-Manzo
- Rodriguez-Manzo
- Rodriguez-Manzo
- Rodríguez-Reinoso
- Roduner
- Rong
- Roth
- Rourke
- Ryberg
- Rümmeli
- Rümmeli
- Salvetat
- Sanchez-Polo
- Santos
- Sarac Oztuna
- Sarkar
- Schaak
- Schierz
- Schneider
- Schäffer
- Schönfelder
- Schönherr
- Segawa
- Segawa
- Seo
- Sepioni
- Sepioni
- Sharifi
- Sharma
- Shen
- Shen
- Sheng
- Shin
- Shinde
- Shinde
- Shui
- Shvedova
- Shvedova
- Shvedova
- Siegert
- Simoes
- Simoes
- Sims
- Sitko
- Smil
- Smith
- Smits
- Song
- Song
- Sornambikai
- Spemann
- Spemann
- Sreekanth
- Srikanth
- Srogi
- Stanmore
- Steel
- Steel
- Stefano
- Steiner
- Stuart
- Stuart
- Stupnisec-Lisac
- Su
- Suarez-Martinez
- Suarez-Martinez
- Sun
- Sung
- Suryanto
- Suzuki
- Swaine
- Syed
- Sławomir Dyjak
- Tabei
- Tai
- Takagi
- Talyzin
- Tan
- Tan
- Tan
- Tan
- Tan
- Tang
- Tang
- Terrones
- Tessonnier
- Thome
- Thoms
- Thorum
- Tian
- Tibbetts
- Tit
- Toh
- Toh
- Tong
- Tran
- Tran
- Tromp
- Tu
- Tuci
- Tuci
- Tuci
- Tuci
- Tuci
- Tuci
- Tölle
- Ueda
- Ugarte
- Uhlig
- Urones-Garrote
- Ushiro
- Valencia
- Valencia
- Vance
- Varnell
- Varnell
- Vejpravova
- Venkatesan
- Vigolo
- Virgil’ev
- Visalli
- Vishnu
- Vishnu
- Vishnu
- Vishnu
- Vitkina
- Vittorio
- Vivekchand
- Wang
- Wang
- Wang
- Wang
- Wang
- Wang
- Wang
- Wang
- Wang
- Wang
- Wang
- Wang
- Wang
- Wang
- Wang
- Wang
- Wang
- Wang
- Wang
- Wang
- Wang
- Wang
- Wang
- Wang
- Wang
- Warburg
- Watanabe
- Watanabe
- Wei
- Weimer
- Wepasnick
- White
- Wick
- Wijaya
- Wilhite
- Wissler
- Wohlleben
- Wojciech Kiciński
- Wong
- Wong
- Wong
- Wong
- Wright
- Wu
- Wu
- Wu
- Wu
- Wu
- Wu
- Wuttig
- Xia
- Xiao
- Xie
- Xie
- Xu
- Xu
- Xu
- Xu
- Xu
- Xu
- Xue
- Yan
- Yang
- Yang
- Yang
- Yang
- Yang
- Yang
- Yang
- Yang
- Yang
- Yao
- Yasunishi
- Yazyev
- Ye
- Ye
- Ye
- Yi
- Young
- Yruela
- Yu
- Yu
- Yuan
- Yudasaka
- Yudasaka
- Zacharia
- Zaghib
- Zaka
- Zan
- Zeisler
- Zeisler
- Zeng
- Zhang
- Zhang
- Zhang
- Zhang
- Zhang
- Zhang
- Zhang
- Zhang
- Zhang
- Zhang
- Zhang
- Zhang
- Zhang
- Zhang
- Zhang
- Zhang
- Zhang
- Zhang
- Zhang
- Zhang
- Zhao
- Zhao
- Zhao
- Zheng
- Zhou
- Zimmerman
- Zoberbier
- Ōya
- Šljukić
- Żarska
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- Field of study
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- Author
- Abdalla Fabio C
- Abeliovich Hagai
- Abraham Robert T
- Acevedo-Arozena Abraham
- Adeli Khosrow
- Agholme Lotta
- Agnello Maria
- Agostinis Patrizia
- Aguirre-Ghiso Julio A
- Ahn Hyung Jun
- Ait-Mohamed Ouardia
- Ait-Si-Ali Slimane
- Akematsu Takahiko
- Akira Shizuo
- Al-Younes Hesham M
- Al-Zeer Munir A
- Albert Matthew L
- Albin Roger L
- Alegre-Abarrategui Javier
- Aleo Maria Francesca
- Alirezaei Mehrdad
- Almasan Alexandru
- Almonte-Becerril Maylin
- Amano Atsuo
- Amaravadi Ravi
- Amarnath Shoba
- Amer Amal O
- Anantharam Vellareddy
- Andrieu-Abadie Nathalie
- Ann David K
- Anoopkumar-Dukie Shailendra
- Aoki Hiroshi
- Apostolova Nadezda
- Arancia Giuseppe
- Aris John P
- Asanuma Katsuhiko
- Asare Nana Y O
- Ashida Hisashi
- Askanas Valerie
- Askew David S
- Auberger Patrick
- Baba Misuzu
- Backues Steven K
- Baehrecke Eric H
- Bahr Ben A
- Bai Xue-Yuan
- Bailly Yannick
- Baiocchi Robert
- Baldini Giulia
- Balduini Walter
- Ballabio Andrea
- Bamber Bruce A
- Bampton Edward T W
- Bartholomew Clinton R
- Bassham Diane C
- Bast Robert C
- Batoko Henri
- Bay Boon-Huat
- Beau Isabelle
- Begley Thomas J
- Behl Christian
- Behrends Christian
- Bekri Soumeya
- Bellaire Bryan
- Bendall Linda J
- Benetti Luca
- Berliocchi Laura
- Bernardi Henri
- Bernassola Francesca
- Besteiro Sébastien
- Bhatia-Kissova Ingrid
- Bi Xiaoning
- Biard-Piechaczyk Martine
- Blum Janice S
- Boise Lawrence H
- Bonaldo Paolo
- Boone David L
- Bornhauser Beat C
- Bortoluci Karina R
- Bossis Ioannis
- Bost Frédéric
- Bourquin Jean-Pierre
- Boya Patricia
- Boyer-Guittaut Michaël
- Bozhkov Peter V
- Brady Nathan R
- Brancolini Claudio
- Brech Andreas
- Brenman Jay E
- Brennand Ana
- Bresnick Emery H
- Brest Patrick
- Bridges Dave
- Bristol Molly L
- Brookes Paul S
- Brown Eric J
- Brumell John H
- Brunetti-Pierri Nicola
- Brunk Ulf T
- Bulman Dennis E
- Bultman Scott J
- Bultynck Geert
- Burbulla Lena F
- Bursch Wilfried
- Butchar Jonathan P
- Buzgariu Wanda
- Bydlowski Sergio P
- Bánhegyi Gábor
- Béchet Daniel M
- Cadwell Ken
- Cahová Monika
- Cai Dongsheng
- Cai Jiyang
- Cai Qian
- Calabretta Bruno
- Calvo-Garrido Javier
- Camougrand Nadine
- Campanella Michelangelo
- Campos-Salinas Jenny
- Candi Eleonora
- Cao Lizhi
- Caplan Allan B
- Carding Simon R
- Cardoso Sandra M
- Carew Jennifer S
- Carlin Cathleen R
- Carmignac Virginie
- Carneiro Leticia A M
- Carra Serena
- Caruso Rosario A
- Casari Giorgio
- Casas Caty
- Castino Roberta
- Cebollero Eduardo
- Cecconi Francesco
- Celli Jean
- Chaachouay Hassan
- Chae Han-Jung
- Chai Chee-Yin
- Chan David C
- Chan Edmond Y
- Chang Raymond Chuen-Chung
- Che Chi-Ming
- Chen Ching-Chow
- Chen Guang-Chao
- Chen Guo-Qiang
- Chen Min
- Chen Quan
- Chen Steve S-L
- Chen Wenli
- Chen Xi
- Chen Xiangmei
- Chen Xiequn
- Chen Ye-Guang
- Chen Yingyu
- Chen Yongqiang
- Chen Yu-Jen
- Chen Zhixiang
- Cheng Alan
- Cheng Christopher H K
- Cheng Yan
- Cheong Heesun
- Cheong Jae-Ho
- Cherry Sara
- Chess-Williams Russ
- Cheung Zelda H
- Chevet Eric
- Chiang Hui-Ling
- Chiarelli Roberto
- Chiba Tomoki
- Chin Lih-Shen
- Chiou Shih-Hwa
- Chisari Francis V
- Cho Chi Hin
- Cho Dong-Hyung
- Choi Augustine M K
- Choi Dooseok
- Choi Kyeong Sook
- Choi Mary E
- Chouaib Salem
- Choubey Divaker
- Choubey Vinay
- Chu Charleen T
- Chuang Tsung-Hsien
- Chueh Sheau-Huei
- Chun Taehoon
- Chwae Yong-Joon
- Chye Mee-Len
- Ciarcia Roberto
- Ciriolo Maria R
- Clague Michael J
- Clark Robert S B
- Clarke Peter G H
- Clarke Robert
- Codogno Patrice
- Coller Hilary A
- Colombo María I
- Comincini Sergio
- Condello Maria
- Condorelli Fabrizio
- Cookson Mark R
- Coombs Graham H
- Coppens Isabelle
- Corbalan Ramon
- Cossart Pascale
- Costelli Paola
- Costes Safia
- Coto-Montes Ana
- Couve Eduardo
- Coxon Fraser P
- Cregg James M
- Crespo José L
- Cronjé Marianne J
- Cuervo Ana Maria
- Cullen Joseph J
- Czaja Mark J
- D'Amelio Marcello
- Darfeuille-Michaud Arlette
- Davids Lester M
- Davies Faith E
- De Felici Massimo
- de Groot John F
- de Haan Cornelis A M
- De Martino Luisa
- De Milito Angelo
- De Tata Vincenzo
- Debnath Jayanta
- Degterev Alexei
- Dehay Benjamin
- Delbridge Lea M D
- Demarchi Francesca
- Deng Yi Zhen
- Dengjel Jörn
- Dent Paul
- Denton Donna
- Deretic Vojo
- Desai Shyamal D
- Devenish Rodney J
- Di Gioacchino Mario
- Di Paolo Gilbert
- Di Pietro Chiara
- Diaz-Meco Maria T
- Diaz-Nido Javier
- Dikic Ivan
- Dinesh-Kumar Savithramma P
- Ding Wen-Xing
- Distelhorst Clark W
- Diwan Abhinav
- Djavaheri-Mergny Mojgan
- Dokudovskaya Svetlana
- Dong Zheng
- Dorsey Frank C
- Dosenko Victor
- Dowling James J
- Doxsey Stephen
- Dreux Marlène
- Drew Mark E
- Duan Qiuhong
- Duchosal Michel A
- Duff Karen
- Dugail Isabelle
- Durbeej Madeleine
- Duszenko Michael
- Díaz-Araya Guillermo
- Díaz-Laviada Inés
- Edelstein Charles L
- Edinger Aimee L
- Egea Gustavo
- Eichinger Ludwig
- Eissa N Tony
- Ekmekcioglu Suhendan
- El-Deiry Wafik S
- Elazar Zvulun
- Elgendy Mohamed
- Ellerby Lisa M
- Eng Kai Er
- Engelbrecht Anna-Mart
- Engelender Simone
- Erenpreisa Jekaterina
- Escalante Ricardo
- Esclatine Audrey
- Eskelinen Eeva-Liisa
- Espert Lucile
- Espina Virginia
- Fan Huizhou
- Fan Jia
- Fan Qi-Wen
- Fan Zhen
- Fang Shengyun
- Fang Yongqi
- Fanto Manolis
- Fanzani Alessandro
- Farkas Thomas
- Farré Jean-Claude
- Faure Mathias
- Fechheimer Marcus
- Feng Carl G
- Feng Jian
- Feng Qili
- Feng Youji
- Feuer Ralph
- Figueiredo-Pereira Maria E
- Fimia Gian Maria
- Fingar Diane C
- Finkbeiner Steven
- Finkel Toren
- Finley Kim D
- Fiorito Filomena
- Fisher Edward A
- Fisher Paul B
- Flajolet Marc
- Florez-McClure Maria L
- Florio Salvatore
- Fon Edward A
- Fornai Francesco
- Fortunato Franco
- Fotedar Rati
- Fowler Daniel H
- Fox Howard S
- Franco Rodrigo
- Frankel Lisa B
- Fransen Marc
- Fuentes José M
- Fueyo Juan
- Fujii Jun
- Fujisaki Kozo
- Fujita Eriko
- Fukuda Mitsunori
- Furukawa Ruth H
- Fésüs László
- Gaestel Matthias
- Gailly Philippe
- Gajewska Malgorzata
- Galliot Brigitte
- Galy Vincent
- Ganesh Subramaniam
- Ganetzky Barry
- Ganley Ian G
- Gao Fen-Biao
- Gao George F
- Gao Jinming
- Garcia Lorena
- Garcia-Manero Guillermo
- Garcia-Marcos Mikel
- Garmyn Marjan
- Gartel Andrei L
- Gatti Evelina
- Gautel Mathias
- Gawriluk Thomas R
- Gegg Matthew E
- Geng Jiefei
- Germain Marc
- Gestwicki Jason E
- Gewirtz David A
- Ghavami Saeid
- Ghosh Pradipta
- Giammarioli Anna M
- Giatromanolaki Alexandra N
- Gibson Spencer B
- Gilkerson Robert W
- Ginger Michael L
- Ginsberg Henry N
- Golab Jakub
- Goligorsky Michael S
- Golstein Pierre
- Gomez-Manzano Candelaria
- Goncu Ebru
- Gongora Céline
- Gonzalez Claudio D
- Gonzalez Ramon
- Gonzalez-Rey Elena
- González-Estévez Cristina
- González-Polo Rosa Ana
- Gorbunov Nikolai V
- Gorski Sharon
- Goruppi Sandro
- Gottlieb Roberta A
- Gozuacik Devrim
- Granato Giovanna Elvira
- Grant Gary D
- Green Kim N
- Gregorc Aleš
- Gros Frédéric
- Grose Charles
- Grunt Thomas W
- Gual Philippe
- Guan Jun-Lin
- Guan Kun-Liang
- Guichard Sylvie M
- Gukovskaya Anna S
- Gukovsky Ilya
- Gunst Jan
- Gustafsson Asa B
- Halayko Andrew J
- Hale Amber N
- Halonen Sandra K
- Hamasaki Maho
- Han Feng
- Han Ting
- Hancock Michael K
- Hansen Malene
- Harada Hisashi
- Harada Masaru
- Hardt Stefan E
- Harper J Wade
- Harris Adrian L
- Harris James
- Harris Steven D
- Hashimoto Makoto
- Haspel Jeffrey A
- Hayashi Shin-ichiro
- Hazelhurst Lori A
- He Congcong
- He You-Wen
- Heidenreich Kim A
- Helfrich Miep H
- Helgason Gudmundur V
- Henske Elizabeth P
- Herman Brian
- Herman Paul K
- Hetz Claudio
- Hilfiker Sabine
- Hill Joseph A
- Hocking Lynne J
- Hofman Paul
- Hofmann Thomas G
- Holyoake Tessa L
- Hong Ming-Huang
- Hood David A
- Hotamisligil Gökhan S
- Houwerzijl Ewout J
- Hu Bingren
- Hu Chien-An A
- Hu Hong-Ming
- Hua Ya
- Huang Canhua
- Huang Ju
- Huang Shengbing
- Huang Wei-Pang
- Huber Tobias B
- Huh Won-Ki
- Hung Tai-Ho
- Hupp Ted R
- Hur Gang Min
- Hurley James B
- Hussain Sabah N A
- Hussey Patrick J
- Hwang Jung Jin
- Hwang Seungmin
- Hébert Marie-Joseé
- Höhfeld Jörg
- Høyer-Hansen Maria
- Ichihara Atsuhiro
- Ilkhanizadeh Shirin
- Inoki Ken
- Into Takeshi
- Iovane Valentina
- Iovanna Juan L
- Ip Nancy Y
- Isaka Yoshitaka
- Ishida Hiroyuki
- Isidoro Ciro
- Isobe Ken-ichi
- Iwasaki Akiko
- Izquierdo Marta
- Izumi Yotaro
- Jaakkola Panu M
- Jackson George R
- Jackson William T
- Janji Bassam
- Jendrach Marina
- Jeon Ju-Hong
- Jeung Eui-Bae
- Jiang Hong
- Jiang Hongchi
- Jiang Jean X
- Jiang Ming
- Jiang Qing
- Jiang Xuejun
- Jiang Xuejun
- Jiménez Alberto
- Jin Meiyan
- Jin Shengkan
- Joe Cheol O
- Johansen Terje
- Johnson Daniel E
- Johnson Gail V W
- Jones Nicola L
- Joseph Bertrand
- Joseph Suresh K
- Joubert Annie M
- Juhász Gábor
- Juillerat-Jeanneret Lucienne
- Jung Chang Hwa
- Jung Yong-Keun
- Jäättelä Marja
- Kaarniranta Kai
- Kaasik Allen
- Kabuta Tomohiro
- Kadowaki Motoni
- Kagedal Katarina
- Kamada Yoshiaki
- Kaminskyy Vitaliy O
- Kampinga Harm H
- Kanamori Hiromitsu
- Kang Chanhee
- Kang Khong Bee
- Kang Kwang Il
- Kang Rui
- Kang Yoon-A
- Kanki Tomotake
- Kanneganti Thirumala-Devi
- Kanno Haruo
- Kanthasamy Anumantha G
- Kanthasamy Arthi
- Karantza Vassiliki
- Kaushal Gur P
- Kaushik Susmita
- Kawazoe Yoshinori
- Ke Po-Yuan
- Kehrl John H
- Kelekar Ameeta
- Kerkhoff Claus
- Kessel David H
- Khalil Hany
- Kiel Jan A K W
- Kiger Amy A
- Kihara Akio
- Kim Deok Ryong
- Kim Do-Hyung
- Kim Dong-Hou
- Kim Eun-Kyoung
- Kim Hyung-Ryong
- Kim Jae-Sung
- Kim Jeong Hun
- Kim Jin Cheon
- Kim John K
- Kim Peter K
- Kim Seong Who
- Kim Yong-Sun
- Kim Yonghyun
- Kimchi Adi
- Kimmelman Alec C
- King Jason S
- Kinsella Timothy J
- Kirkin Vladimir
- Kirshenbaum Lorrie A
- Kitamoto Katsuhiko
- Kitazato Kaio
- Klein Ludger
- Klimecki Walter T
- Klionsky Daniel J
- Klucken Jochen
- Knecht Erwin
- Ko Ben C B
- Koch Jan C
- Koga Hiroshi
- Koh Jae-Young
- Koh Young Ho
- Koike Masato
- Komatsu Masaaki
- Kominami Eiki
- Kong Hee Jeong
- Kong Wei-Jia
- Korolchuk Viktor I
- Kotake Yaichiro
- Koukourakis Michael I
- Kouri Flores Juan B
- Kovács Attila L
- Kraft Claudine
- Krainc Dimitri
- Kretz-Remy Carole
- Krichevsky Anna M
- Kroemer Guido
- Krut Oleg
- Krämer Helmut
- Krüger Rejko
- Ktistakis Nicholas T
- Kuan Chia-Yi
- Kucharczyk Roza
- Kumar Ashok
- Kumar Raj
- Kumar Sharad
- Kundu Mondira
- Kung Hsing-Jien
- Kurz Tino
- Kwon Ho Jeong
- La Spada Albert R
- Lafont Frank
- Lamark Trond
- Landry Jacques
- Lane Jon D
- Lapaquette Pierre
- Laporte Jocelyn F
- Lavandero Sergio
- Lavoie Josée N
- Layfield Robert
- Lazo Pedro A
- Le Cam Laurent
- Le Weidong
- Ledbetter Daniel J
- Lee Alvin J X
- Lee Byung-Wan
- Lee Gyun Min
- Lee Jongdae
- Lee Ju-Hyun
- Lee Michael
- Lee Myung-Shik
- Lee Sug Hyung
- Leeuwenburgh Christiaan
- Legembre Patrick
- Legouis Renaud
- Lehmann Michael
- Lei Huan-Yao
- Lei Qun-Ying
- Leib David A
- Leiro José
- Lemasters John J
- Lemoine Antoinette
- Lesniak Maciej S
- Lev Dina
- Levenson Victor V
- Levine Beth
- Levy Efrat
- Li Faqiang
- Li Jun-Lin
- Li Lian
- Li Sheng
- Li Weijie
- Li Xue-Jun
- Li Yan-bo
- Li Yi-Ping
- Liang Chengyu
- Liang Qiangrong
- Liao Yung-Feng
- Liberski Pawel P
- Lieberman Andrew
- Lim Hyunjung J
- Lim Kah-Leong
- Lim Kyu
- Lin Chiou-Feng
- Lin Fu-Cheng
- Lin Jian
- Lin Jiandie D
- Lin Kui
- Lin Wan-Wan
- Lin Weei-Chin
- Lin Yi-Ling
- Linden Rafael
- Lingor Paul
- Lippincott-Schwartz Jennifer
- Lisanti Michael P
- Liton Paloma B
- Liu Bo
- Liu Chun-Feng
- Liu Kaiyu
- Liu Leyuan
- Liu Qiong A
- Liu Wei
- Liu Young-Chau
- Liu Yule
- Lockshin Richard A
- Lok Chun-Nam
- Lonial Sagar
- Loos Benjamin
- Lopez-Berestein Gabriel
- Lossi Laura
- Lotze Michael T
- Lu Binfeng
- Lu Bingwei
- Lu Bo
- Lu Zhen
- Luciano Frédéric
- Lukacs Nicholas W
- Lund Anders H
- Lynch-Day Melinda A
- László Lajos
- López-Otín Carlos
- Lőw Peter
- Ma Yong
- Macian Fernando
- Mackeigan Jeff P
- Macleod Kay F
- Madeo Frank
- Maiuri Luigi
- Maiuri Maria Chiara
- Malagoli Davide
- Malicdan May Christine V
- Malorni Walter
- Man Na
- Mandelkow Eva-Maria
- Manon Stéphen
- Manov Irena
- Mao Kai
- Mao Xiang
- Mao Zixu
- Marambaud Philippe
- Marazziti Daniela
- Marcel Yves L
- Marchbank Katie
- Marchetti Piero
- Marciniak Stefan J
- Marcondes Mateus
- Mardi Mohsen
- Marfe Gabriella
- Mariño Guillermo
- Markaki Maria
- Marten Mark R
- Martin Seamus J
- Martinand-Mari Camille
- Martinet Wim
- Martinez-Vicente Marta
- Masini Matilde
- Matarrese Paola
- Matsuo Saburo
- Matteoni Raffaele
- Mayer Andreas
- Mazure Nathalie M
- Mcconkey David J
- Mcconnell Melanie J
- Mcdermott Catherine
- Mcdonald Christine
- Mcinerney Gerald M
- Mckenna Sharon L
- Mclaughlin Bethann
- Mclean Pamela J
- Mcmaster Christopher R
- Mcquibban G Angus
- Meijer Alfred J
- Meisler Miriam H
- Melia Thomas J
- Melino Gerry
- Meléndez Alicia
- Mena Maria A
- Menendez Javier A
- Menna-Barreto Rubem F S
- Menon Manoj B
- Menzies Fiona M
- Mercer Carol A
- Merighi Adalberto
- Merry Diane E
- Meschini Stefania
- Meyer Christian G
- Meyer Thomas F
- Miao Chao-Yu
- Miao Jun-Ying
- Michels Paul A M
- Michiels Carine
- Mijaljica Dalibor
- Milojkovic Ana
- Minucci Saverio
- Miracco Clelia
- Miranti Cindy K
- Mitroulis Ioannis
- Miyazawa Keisuke
- Mizushima Noboru
- Mograbi Baharia
- Mohseni Simin
- Molero Xavier
- Mollereau Bertrand
- Mollinedo Faustino
- Momoi Takashi
- Monastyrska Iryna
- Monick Martha M
- Monteiro Mervyn J
- Moore Michael N
- Mora Rodrigo
- Moreau Kevin
- Moreira Paula I
- Moriyasu Yuji
- Moscat Jorge
- Mostowy Serge
- Mottram Jeremy C
- Motyl Tomasz
- Moussa Charbel E-H
- Muller Sylviane
- Murphy Leon O
- Murphy Maureen E
- Musarò Antonio
- Mysorekar Indira
- Müller Sylke
- Münger Karl
- Münz Christian
- Nagata Eiichiro
- Nagata Kazuhiro
- Nahimana Aimable
- Nair Usha
- Nakagawa Toshiyuki
- Nakahira Kiichi
- Nakano Hiroyasu
- Nakatogawa Hitoshi
- Nanjundan Meera
- Naqvi Naweed I
- Narendra Derek P
- Narita Masashi
- Navarro Miguel
- Nawrocki Steffan T
- Nazarko Taras Y
- Nemchenko Andriy
- Netea Mihai G
- Neufeld Thomas P
- Ney Paul A
- Nezis Ioannis P
- Nguyen Huu Phuc
- Nie Daotai
- Nishino Ichizo
- Nislow Corey
- Nixon Ralph A
- Noda Takeshi
- Noegel Angelika A
- Nogalska Anna
- Noguchi Satoru
- Notterpek Lucia
- Novak Ivana
- Nozaki Tomoyoshi
- Nukina Nobuyuki
- Nyfeler Beat
- Nürnberger Thorsten
- Obara Keisuke
- Oberley Terry D
- Oddo Salvatore
- Ogawa Michinaga
- Ohashi Toya
- Okamoto Koji
- Oleinick Nancy L
- Oliver F Javier
- Olsen Laura J
- Olsson Stefan
- Opota Onya
- Osborne Timothy F
- Ostrander Gary K
- Otsu Kinya
- Ou Jing-hsiung James
- Ouimet Mireille
- Overholtzer Michael
- Ozpolat Bulent
- Paganetti Paolo
- Pagnini Ugo
- Pallet Nicolas
- Palmer Glen E
- Palumbo Camilla
- Pan Tianhong
- Panaretakis Theocharis
- Pandey Udai Bhan
- Papackova Zuzana
- Papassideri Issidora
- Paris Irmgard
- Park Junsoo
- Park Ohkmae K
- Parys Jan B
- Parzych Katherine R
- Patschan Susann
- Patterson Cam
- Pattingre Sophie
- Pawelek John M
- Peng Jianxin
- Perlmutter David H
- Perrotta Ida
- Perry George
- Pervaiz Shazib
- Peter Matthias
- Peters Godefridus J
- Petersen Morten
- Petrovski Goran
- Phang James M
- Piacentini Mauro
- Pierre Philippe
- Pierrefite-Carle Valérie
- Pierron Gérard
- Pinkas-Kramarski Ronit
- Piras Antonio
- Piri Natik
- Platanias Leonidas C
- Poirot Marc
- Poletti Angelo
- Pozuelo-Rubio Mercedes
- Poüs Christian
- Prasad Anil
- Prescott Mark
- Priault Muriel
- Produit-Zengaffinen Nathalie
- Progulske-Fox Ann
- Proikas-Cezanne Tassula
- Przedborski Serge
- Przyklenk Karin
- Prætorius-Ibba Mette
- Puertollano Rosa
- Puyal Julien
- Pöggeler Stefanie
- Qian Shu-Bing
- Qin Liang
- Qin Zheng-Hong
- Quaggin Susan E
- Raben Nina
- Rabinowich Hannah
- Rabkin Simon W
- Rahman Irfan
- Rami Abdelhaq
- Ramm Georg
- Randall Glenn
- Randow Felix
- Rao V Ashutosh
- Rathmell Jeffrey C
- Ravikumar Brinda
- Ray Swapan K
- Reed Bruce H
- Reed John C
- Reggiori Fulvio
- Reichert Andreas S
- Reiners John J
- Reiter Russel J
- Ren Jun
- Revuelta José L
- Rhodes Christopher J
- Ritis Konstantinos
- Rizzo Elizete
- Robbins Jeffrey
- Roberge Michel
- Roca Hernan
- Roccheri Maria C
- Rocchi Stephane
- Rodemann H Peter
- Rodríguez de Córdoba Santiago
- Rohrer Bärbel
- Roninson Igor B
- Rosen Kirill
- Rost-Roszkowska Magdalena M
- Rouis Mustapha
- Rouschop Kasper M A
- Rovetta Francesca
- Rubin Brian P
- Rubinsztein David C
- Ruckdeschel Klaus
- Rucker Edmund B
- Rudich Assaf
- Rudolf Emil
- Ruiz-Opazo Nelson
- Russo Rossella
- Rusten Tor Erik
- Ryan Kevin M
- Ryter Stefan W
- Régnier-Vigouroux Anne
- Sabatini David M
- Sadoshima Junichi
- Saha Tapas
- Saitoh Tatsuya
- Sakagami Hiroshi
- Sakai Yasuyoshi
- Salekdeh Ghasem Hoseini
- Salomoni Paolo
- Salvaterra Paul M
- Salvesen Guy
- Salvioli Rosa
- Sanchez Anthony M J
- Sandri Marco
- Sankar Uma
- Sansanwal Poonam
- Santambrogio Laura
- Saran Shweta
- Sarkar Sovan
- Sarwal Minnie
- Sasakawa Chihiro
- Sasnauskiene Ausra
- Sass Miklós
- Sato Ken
- Sato Miyuki
- Schapira Anthony H V
- Scharl Michael
- Scheper Wiep
- Schiaffino Stefano
- Schneider Claudio
- Schneider Marion E
- Schneider-Stock Regine
- Schoenlein Patricia V
- Schorderet Daniel F
- Schwartz Gary K
- Schätzl Hermann M
- Schüller Christoph
- Scorrano Luca
- Sealy Linda
- Seglen Per O
- Segura-Aguilar Juan
- Seiliez Iban
- Seleverstov Oleksandr
- Sell Christian
- Seo Jong Bok
- Separovic Duska
- Setaluri Vijayasaradhi
- Setoguchi Takao
- Settembre Carmine
- Shacka John J
- Shanmugam Mala
- Shapiro Irving M
- Shaulian Eitan
- Shaw Reuben J
- Shelhamer James H
- Shen Han-Ming
- Shen Wei-Chiang
- Sheng Zu-Hang
- Shi Yang
- Shibuya Kenichi
- Shidoji Yoshihiro
- Shieh Jeng-Jer
- Shih Chwen-Ming
- Shimada Yohta
- Shimizu Shigeomi
- Shintani Takahiro
- Shirihai Orian S
- Shore Gordon C
- Sibirny Andriy A
- Sidhu Stan B
- Sikorska Beata
- Silva-Zacarin Elaine
- Silva-Zacarin Elaine C M
- Simmons Alison
- Simon Anna Katharina
- Simon Hans-Uwe
- Simone Cristiano
- Simonsen Anne
- Sinclair David A
- Singh Rajat
- Sinha Debasish
- Sinicrope Frank A
- Sirko Agnieszka
- Siu Parco M
- Sivridis Efthimios
- Skop Vojtech
- Skulachev Vladimir P
- Slack Ruth S
- Smaili Soraya S
- Smith Duncan R
- Soengas Maria S
- Soldati Thierry
- Song Xueqin
- Sood Anil K
- Soong Tuck Wah
- Sotgia Federica
- Spector Stephen A
- Spies Claudia D
- Springer Wolfdieter
- Srinivasula Srinivasa M
- Stefanis Leonidas
- Steffan Joan S
- Stendel Ruediger
- Stenmark Harald
- Stephanou Anastasis
- Stern Stephan T
- Sternberg Cinthya
- Stork Björn
- Strålfors Peter
- Subauste Carlos S
- Sui Xinbing
- Sulzer David
- Sun Jiaren
- Sun Shi-Yong
- Sun Zhi-Jun
- Sung Joseph J Y
- Suzuki Kuninori
- Suzuki Toshihiko
- Swanson Michele S
- Swanton Charles
- Sweeney Sean T
- Sy Lai-King
- Szabadkai Gyorgy
- Sánchez-Alcázar José A
- Sánchez-Prieto Ricardo
- Tabas Ira
- Taegtmeyer Heinrich
- Tafani Marco
- Takano Yoshitaka
- Takegawa Kaoru
- Takemura Genzou
- Takeshita Fumihiko
- Takács-Vellai Krisztina
- Talbot Nicholas J
- Tan Kevin S W
- Tanaka Keiji
- Tanaka Kozo
- Tang Daolin
- Tang Dingzhong
- Tanida Isei
- Tannous Bakhos A
- Tavernarakis Nektarios
- Taylor Graham S
- Taylor Gregory A
- Taylor J Paul
- Terada Lance S
- Terman Alexei
- Tettamanti Gianluca
- Thevissen Karin
- Thompson Craig B
- Thorburn Andrew
- Thumm Michael
- Tian Fengfeng
- Tian Yuan
- Tocchini-Valentini Glauco
- Tolkovsky Aviva M
- Tomino Yasuhiko
- Tooze Sharon A
- Tournier Cathy
- Tower John
- Towns Roberto
- Trajkovic Vladimir
- Travassos Leonardo H
- Tsai Ting-Fen
- Tschan Mario P
- Tsubata Takeshi
- Tsung Allan
- Turk Boris
- Turner Lorianne S
- Tyagi Suresh C
- Tönges Lars
- Uchiyama Yasuo
- Ueno Takashi
- Umekawa Midori
- Umemiya-Shirafuji Rika
- Unni Vivek K
- Vaccaro Maria I
- Valente Enza Maria
- Van den Berghe Greet
- van der Klei Ida J
- van Doorn Wouter
- van Dyk Linda F
- van Egmond Marjolein
- van Grunsven Leo A
- Vandenabeele Peter
- Vandenberghe Wim P
- Vanhorebeek Ilse
- Vaquero Eva C
- Velasco Guillermo
- Vellai Tibor
- Vicencio Jose Miguel
- Vierstra Richard D
- Vila Miquel
- Vindis Cécile
- Viola Giampietro
- Viscomi Maria Teresa
- Voitsekhovskaja Olga V
- von Haefen Clarissa
- Votruba Marcela
- Wada Keiji
- Wade-Martins Richard
- Walker Cheryl L
- Walsh Craig M
- Walter Jochen
- Wan Xiang-Bo
- Wang Aimin
- Wang Chenguang
- Wang Dawei
- Wang Fan
- Wang Fen
- Wang Guanghui
- Wang Haichao
- Wang Hong-Gang
- Wang Horng-Dar
- Wang Jin
- Wang Ke
- Wang Mei
- Wang Richard C
- Wang Xinglong
- Wang Xuejun
- Wang Ying-Jan
- Wang Yipeng
- Wang Zhen
- Wang Zhigang Charles
- Wang Zhinong
- Wansink Derick G
- Ward Diane M
- Watada Hirotaka
- Waters Sarah L
- Webster Paul
- Wei Lixin
- Weihl Conrad C
- Weiss William A
- Welford Scott M
- Wen Long-Ping
- Whitehouse Caroline A
- Whitton J Lindsay
- Whitworth Alexander J
- Wileman Tom
- Wiley John W
- Wilkinson Simon
- Willbold Dieter
- Williams Roger L
- Williamson Peter R
- Wouters Bradly G
- Wu Chenghan
- Wu Dao-Cheng
- Wu William K K
- Wyttenbach Andreas
- Xavier Ramnik J
- Xi Zhijun
- Xia Pu
- Xiao Gengfu
- Xie Zhiping
- Xie Zhonglin
- Xu Da-zhi
- Xu Jianzhen
- Xu Liang
- Xu Xiaolei
- Yamamoto Ai
- Yamamoto Akitsugu
- Yamashina Shunhei
- Yamashita Michiaki
- Yan Xianghua
- Yanagida Mitsuhiro
- Yang Dun-Sheng
- Yang Elizabeth
- Yang Jin-Ming
- Yang Shi Yu
- Yang Wannian
- Yang Wei Yuan
- Yang Zhifen
- Yao Meng-Chao
- Yao Tso-Pang
- Yeganeh Behzad
- Yen Wei-Lien
- Yin Jia-jing
- Yin Xiao-Ming
- Yoo Ook-Joon
- Yoon Gyesoon
- Yoon Seung-Yong
- Yorimitsu Tomohiro
- Yoshikawa Yuko
- Yoshimori Tamotsu
- Yoshimoto Kohki
- You Ho Jin
- Youle Richard J
- Younes Anas
- Yu Li
- Yu Long
- Yu Seong-Woon
- Yu Wai Haung
- Yuan Zhi-Min
- Yue Zhenyu
- Yun Cheol-Heui
- Yuzaki Michisuke
- Zabirnyk Olga
- Zacks David
- Zacksenhaus Eldad
- Zaffaroni Nadia
- Zakeri Zahra
- Zeh Herbert J
- Zeitlin Scott O
- Zhang Hong
- Zhang Hui-Ling
- Zhang Jianhua
- Zhang Jing-Pu
- Zhang Lin
- Zhang Long
- Zhang Ming-Yong
- Zhang Xu Dong
- Zhao Mantong
- Zhao Yi-Fang
- Zhao Ying
- Zhao Zhizhuang J
- Zheng Xiaoxiang
- Zhivotovsky Boris
- Zhong Qing
- Zhou Cong-Zhao
- Zhu Changlian
- Zhu Wei-Guo
- Zhu Xiao-Feng
- Zhu Xiongwei
- Zhu Yuangang
- Zoladek Teresa
- Zong Wei-Xing
- Zorzano Antonio
- Zschocke Jürgen
- Zuckerbraun Brian
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- Field of study
In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field